and thun runs off." Othur invustigatord - say that thu larvau do not actually 

 oat thw skin of th^/ applies thuy unt>ir but ratnor discard that and bugin fov^ding 

 bc^nuath th^ surfacu. Maybd the road dust offers furthor indue fcrnii-'nt. to spit out 

 this first mouthful. 



Sonio Littlo Knovm Facts about Applu ^cab 



Question. What is thu time! interval butwy^n inflection and appearance of oarly 

 season scab spots? Answer. About 3 v/euks during pro-pink stagt; to 8-10 days 

 after mid-June. 



Q. Ov.jr how long a poriod nust the truu be- v;/ot beford spor« germination and lt.af 

 or fruit infection tako place? A. From 15-ld hours at tho low twrapuraturos 

 which usually prevail during pre-pink stage, to 6-8 hours during the summer (uf- 

 t^n raid-June) . 



Q. Are some leaves mere susceptible to scab infection than oth'^rs? A. Immature 

 leaves are much more likely to become infected than fully formed leaves with v;ell 

 developed cuticle. Also, young, tender leaves are more susceptible than Very 

 young fruits of the same variety. 



Q. Are scab spots sloviier in showing up on young fruits than on leaves? A. 

 The former ueually require 2-4 days longer tnan the latter and tne older the fruit 

 becomes, the longer is the wetting period required for infoctien and the longer 

 it takes for scab spots tu appear. 



Q. How long a wetting period ie required for scab infection on fruits during 

 tne suraiiier? a. From 28-40 hours during tne period late June te mid-August, 

 according to artifici..l infection tests in tne Hudson Valley. 



Q. Is tha time interval between infection and appearance uf scab spots constant 

 from season to season? A. Ne . In one seasun u rainy period of 44 hours in 

 mid-August did not produce infection whereas 92 hours did (spots appec^ring 33 

 days lifter). In anether seasen a r.^iny period of 40 hours (n.ugust 12) produced 

 scab spots 62 d^-^ys l-.ter wnile another inecul-.tien follov;ed by Y6 nours of wet 

 weather resulted in sccb sp^ts 39 days l.-ter. Hence the length of the v^etting 

 period lute in the se..»son determines whether or nut the infection can occur, and 

 also how suon the sc;ib spots ^ppe^^r. 



Q. What happens when ticlntesh apples become infected with scab just befero har- 

 vest? A. A September infection mj.y not show up in cold storage until 6 or 7 

 menths later. 



15. Does apple scab spread in storage? A. All attempts to cause scab to spread 

 from diseased to sound fruits in sterj.ge h„ve been unsuccessful. 



0. C Beyd 



A pple and Pear Exports Curtailed 



Impertatit.n of fresh apples and pears into the United Kingdera frem the 

 United States after November -20 was prohibited until further notice under an 

 order issued by the Board of Trade jn the 15th. Imports from iiinpire countries 

 are to be permitted thjugh arrangei.ients are being made with the Canadian Govern- 

 ment to limit the volume of ^pple shipments during the current season. Under 

 the order produce despatched to the United Kingdom bef jro November 20 is ex&mpted 

 from the pruhibition. 



Almonds, Filberts, ->nd Fec n s Plentiful 



California ..Imond production is estimated .>t 18,700 tons Compared witn 

 15,000 in 1938, and the 10-year (1928-37) average of 12,170 tons, iiisximated 

 filbert production in Oregon, the largest of record, is placed at 3,120 tons 



