zontE-l, v/hilo I; teral shoots hevs developed outward and upvi.rd. 

 The pruiiinf, of such a tree may often be confined almost entirely 

 to the remove 1 of the older pc rts of branches which Lirow more or 

 less dov.-nward, retaining the 7oi.in:;,'?r, better exposed parts of 

 those branches. In addition to tlie remov;:l of this older, more 

 shaded v/ood, wc must, of course, occrsionally take out a crov;d- 

 ing upright v/hcre tv/o or three are trying to occupy the Sc'.me 

 space. in f^eneral, vjhen v:e prune older bearing, trees vvo should 

 concentrate on the removal of "dov.TiriKhts" Inste.^d of "uprights.' 



Practices to Regulate the Fruit Crop 



Three prjcticcs L.re .Viov; receiving attention vrhich under 

 certain conditions iuay be used successfully and proiltabl;,^ to 

 regulate the apple and possibly other fruit crops. These are: 

 (l) branch ringing to increase set, size and earliness of maturity 

 of fruit, (2) spraying v/ith plant srov'tn substcnces to reduce 

 pre-harvest drop of apples, and (3) sprayin;- to prevent fruit set 

 in the on-year of biennial bearing Vc.riiities. It should be em- 

 phasized that these rro not substitutes for any of our present 

 major orcliard practices but only supplemontery to them. This in- 

 teresting theme is discussed by A. 3. Murneek in the March, 19^0 

 American Fruit Gro'/or. This artic-le is "..'ell \;orth reading. 



Relation of Gprcy Pressure to Pest Co ntro l 



Some growers thinh the pendulum has svifung far enough in 

 the dir..Tction of nigh pressure spraying. Tliero is some evidence 

 to bear out this contention. V.'itiiin reasonable limits e::tra 

 pressure is desirable since it breaks the spray into finer drops 

 and carries it farther except v.-iiere air ctirrents prevent. The 

 modern tendency, hovrever, is to over-emphasize the Vi. lue of e:;tra 

 pressure. Leaves may be blo?/n but not completely covered. 



In the March issue of Better Fruit, mention is made of 

 a conference in the State of V/ashington to consider all angles 

 of this qiiestion. Tv;enty^ experts in various fields attended the 

 meeting at vrhich the danger to foliage and even to fruit, wiiich 

 may result from excessive pressure, v:as brought out. The v/arning 

 on excessive pressure damage is coupled with the suggestion that 

 growers pay more attention to orchard scnitation as an avc-:lliary 

 codling moth control feature. It v?.s pointed out at the meeting 

 that too muca pressure is z.s bad or worse than not enough. Large 

 amounts of spray ere put on the trees unevenly in many cases and 

 a substc.ntially better job can be done v/ith moderate or just enough 

 pressure to reach the tops e;"sily. 



An Old Fertili .z cr Advert.isem crit 



Brov/sin;:, through the March, 1912 issue of a Eev," England 

 publication, v;e find reference to a nev; inineral fertilizer for 

 which great claims were made. The ad stresses the fpct that 

 this fertilizer contains 5'7fo silica, and then roes on to tell 

 the per cent of silica in the ash of various plants, as for ex- 

 ample, tobacco 18^, lettuce 20fo, and oats ^8%. From the analysis 



