G (Riboflavin) Promotes growth. Milk, cheese, eggs. All lean meats, 



~ important for nerve health, green leafy vegeta- fish, v.'hole grains, 



gives sense of increased bles , liver, kidney, dried beans & peas, 



vigor, helps to preserve heart, brewer's yeast, peanuts, bananas, 

 characteristics of youth. 



Nicotinic Acid Essential for Liver, lean meat, YJTiole grains, milk, 



health of digestive organs, salmon, brewer's eggs, tomatoes, 



necessary for skin health, yeast. green vegetables , 



promotes growth, prevents haddock, enriched 



pellagra. flour. 

 Effect of Cooking, Drying, Air, Storage, 

 and Freezing Upon the Vitamins 



A Not easily destroyed. 



Bl This vitamin may be lost to a serious extent mechanically in refining the 

 food, or by discarding the water in which foods are cooked. Long cooking, 

 high temperatures, and the use of soda in cooking water are very destructive. 

 C Easily destroyed by cooking - (especially in the presence of air and alkalis), 



in drying, storage. Extrenelif soluble in cooking water. Quick freezing of 



fruits and vegetables destroys only a small aiaount. 

 D Not easily destroyed. 

 G" Like Bx, this vitamin is water-soluble, and may be lost if cooking water is 



discarded. More stable to heat than Bi. 

 Nicotinic Acid - More stable to heat than Bl, but is dissolved in cooking water. 



Here's an Idea 



Have you ever observed the performance of a fruit tree grov/ing next 

 to a large shade tree? The outside row of an orchard adjacent to forest trees 

 may offer a good example. Or if you prefer, let's consider the apple or peach 

 trees which have as their nearest neighbor a widespreading oak or maple which 

 was left bj'' the previous owner of the farm to provide shade for his cows. 

 Fruit trees under these conditions are likely to be somewhat smaller, the 

 yield is lower, and in extreme oases branches of the fruit tree are tilted 

 away from the shade tree as it shuns the shade of its towering neighbor. Sev- 

 eral apple trees in the College orchard where yield records have been kept 

 over a period of years offer a good example of competition below and above 

 ground. 



If the competition between a maple tree and an apple tree is so ap- 

 parent, how about the competition between two apple trees growing side by side, 

 each attempting to exploit the same soil and avail itself of sunlight over the 

 same area? Let's take, for example, an apple orchard of well grown trees 25 

 years of age v;ith 54 trees to the acre (40x40 with a tree in the middle of the 

 square). Each tree must of necessity exert a detrimental influence on the 

 trees adjacent. If we measure yields on a tree basis each individual tree 

 is failing to give as good an account of itself as would be the case if it 

 had unlimited light and unlimited soil. YiTienever we hear of an apple tree 

 yielding 50 or 60 bushels annually w^e may be sure that the tree in question 

 is standing by itself and therefore has undisputed claim tc the sunlight on 

 all sides. ' The point we want to convey is briefly this: The extra trees in 

 the orchard exert much the sai.ie influence on adjacent trees as is exerted by 

 adjacent shade trees. We can't always eliminate the competition of these 

 giants of the forest. But vte can make sure that the spacing in the orchard 

 provides each tree xvith enough soil and light to bring about efficient pro- 

 duction of fruit. 



