-5- 



annual yields. If a starvation pro^ran is follov/ed, apple trees t^radually 

 assume a biennial bearing habit and the yields/so scattered that spraying 

 becomes a dubious investment. In order to justify a thorough spray program 

 and insure a steady flow of a needed food trop, v.-e must encourage a set of 

 fruit every year. 



Fruit trees can be kept in good vigor even tliough the co;nmercial 

 nitrogen supply is greatly reduced. R. M. Donaldson, Extension Agronoinist, 

 'i.iakes these su^j,_;estions: "In viev/ of the nitrogen shortage, orchardists 

 should supplement the commercial supply by doing one or more of these things: 

 (1) Using more poultry manure, (2) activating latent nitrogen reserves in the 

 s.">il by plov.'ing or disking alternate strips, and (o) subsequent seeding of 

 strips to legume mixtures, including Ladino clover, thus addin^j nitrogen by 

 fixation, and (4) by mulching. Lime and 0-14-14 or 0-20-20, obtainable 

 throuj^h the Agricultural Conservation Pro^rai.i, fit into t?ie le^^ume seeding 

 project. 



Fertilizer combinations such as 7-7-7, coi.r.ionly used by orchardists 

 in years past, will not be available. A 4-9-7 grade has been authorized as 

 the nearest substitute. This material, applied at the same rate as the 7-7-7, 

 will supply the equivalent of phosphorus and potash, but not of nitro^,en. 

 The only other grades offered for sale this year and possibly less desirable 

 for most orchard purposes are these: (1) 4-10-10, or a higher analysis, 

 6-15-15, (2) 3-12-6 or 5-20-10, (3) 4-12-4, and (4) 3-12-15 or 4-16-20. 

 There v;ill be available for tobacco, only, a 5-3-5 or e-S-e. llo-nitrogen 

 grades will include 0-14-14, 0-20-20, 0-9-27 and such offerings of super- 

 phosphate and muriate of potash as are usually sold." 



yAJlJ_AT^ION IN TOXICITY OF LEAD .liRSSnATE SPILIYS 



Quoting from "Food for Victory v;ith Pling Apple," an Extension pub- 

 lication prepared by V. T.". Kelley of the University of Illinois, "During the 

 dry season of 1941, codling moth was very hard to control. Several reasons 

 can be given for this difficulty, but tvra factors were especially important. 

 (1) Dry seasons are very favorable for codling moth development, and (2) lead 

 arsenate sprays are less toxic in dry seasons. During the wet season of 1942, 

 these tv;o factors v;ere reversed. Rainy periods made it more difficult for 

 the codling moth to survive, and the toxicity of the lead arsenate sprays in- 

 creased because of the formation of a greater amount of free arsenic (arsenic 

 acid). Tills increase in free arsenic not only makes the lead sprays more 

 effective, but als^ causes more spray injury to fruit and foliage," These 

 statements offer a partial explanation of codling moth behavior in Massachu- 

 setts and of variations in the amount of spray injury. 



SAVE TIRES AIID TR UCIIS 



A leaflet issued by the Hass. State College Extension Service under 

 this title puts the problem Squarely up to the farmer in these words: "Every 

 Mass. farmer hag the vital responsibility to save his tires, truck and car 

 and make them last for the duration. To win this vmr we must pool our autos. 

 This v/ill save tires, save gasoline, and save trucks and autos. These are 



