If you know of farmers in your tovm who can use nitrogen fertilizer 

 to advantage, urge them to place their orders immediately. Further informa- 

 tion concerning this may be secured f rom your local fertilizer dealers. 



— S. R. Parker 



HALF Airo HALF 



A combination fungicide made up of half lime sulfur and half wettable 

 sulfur has been rather widely recommended and is being used by a number of 

 Massachusetts growers. The danger in using this combination is discussed in 

 a recent issue of the New York Y^eekly News Letter. We quote from this letter. 

 "In some years not favoring arsenical injury the injury with the lialf and 

 half sprays has been less than with summer strength (1-50) lime sulfur. A 

 grower who has used the mixture for two or three years mth little injury 

 may r efuse to believe that the half and half spray is dangerous until a 

 favorable season a rrives and he receives devastating evidence of how un- 

 reliable the formula actually is. Half and half has been recommended in 

 Canadian schedules for several years. Little injury was noted until 1942 

 when widespread serious spray burn was the result. 



Ohio workers reported in 1930 that lime sulfur in combination with 

 lead arsenate released more free arsenic when diluted 1-80 than 1-60, and 

 1-60 more than 1-40. They reported this effect .was corrected by high-calcium 

 lime. In 1932 they found that, even with 8 pounds of lime, lime sulfur at 

 great dilution 'is not alvmys as safe as desired. ' Dutton reports that in 

 Michigan, lim^e sulfur at 1/4 to l/2 gallon per hundred with lead arsenate 

 produced immediate and serious burning which was worse with 1/4 than with 

 1/2 gallon. He found adding lime would usually check the immediate injury 

 'but v;as not always dependable.' He found the elemental sulfur in combina- 

 tion sprays had no part in the injury which was 'entirely the result of 

 extreme incompatibility of very weak lime sulfur with lead arsenate.' By 

 1940 the Ohio workers reported that flotation sulfur gave better control 

 of apple scab than the half and half mixture and that the addition of the 

 elemental sulfur added little to the fungicidal value of the half strength 

 lime sulfur alone. Later Ohio reports summarize data compiled over a number 

 of years and conclude half and half is both mora dangerous and less effective 

 than flotation sulfur paste." 



WHERE WATER STANDS 



The effects of submerging the roots of an apple tree are clearly shown 

 in some recent investigations in Ohio. One-year trees were placed in a 

 specially built chamber where environmental conditions r esembled days in 

 May and June in central Ohio. The trees were growing in soil in lO-gallon 

 butter tubs. Tests consisted of ms asuring photosynthesis (food manufacture), 

 transpiration (water vapor loss), and leaf growth shortly before and after 

 the roots were submerged. 



In these tests photosjTithesis showed a downward trend the day after 

 the flooding began. Transpiration showed a definite dovmward trend a week 



