-10- 



(Peach) Note 4 . (To replace Special Note) Basic lead arsenate is suggeFted 

 on peaches because it contains less soluble arsenic and is safer on 

 the tree. It is also less toxic to the curculio and should not be 

 expected to control a severe infestation. Sulfur has some repellent 

 action against the curculio, and vihere this insect is not serious, 

 sulfur alone, either as a spray or dust, may be used. 



Orien tal F ruit luoth. (To replace statement in 194-5 chart.) 

 Spra:;r-with fixed nicotine* or dust with sulfur-oil talc*. Apply four 

 times at 5-day intervals beginning 3 weeks before harvest. Experimen- 

 tal spraying or dusting vath DDT has been promising. Use DDT dust 5%, 

 or wettable powder, 1 lb. DDT in 100 gallons (2 lbs. 50jo powder; Z^ lbs, 

 40^0 pov^der, 5 lbs. 20^i powder in 100 gallons). Because of residue 

 tolerance; only 3 applications at 10-day intervals, beginning middle 

 of July, are advised. *As recoriimended by manufacturer. 

 (This Note v/ill be mentioned in the Shuck and First Cover Sprays.) 



THE "GREEN MCINTOSH" PRO BLEIvI 



Evidence is being assembled that the problem of inferior color of 

 apples is in many cases closely associated with a crov/ded condition in the 

 orchard. In the December Nev/s Letter of the Illinois State Horticultural 

 Society, V/. A. Ruth refers to an orchard experiment in which a careful study 

 of the effect of crowding fillers had been made. Half of the trees in this 

 orchard were Grimes and half were Delicious, planted 20 x 20 feet apart in 

 1922, In 1934, one-half of the trees in parts of the orchard were removed. 

 At the end of the 17th growing season the trees in the middle of the 40 foot 

 square were removed. In the unthinned parts of the orchard the filler trees 

 were cut back severely each year to reduce croviding. All other trees were 

 pruned lightly but uniformly. Quoting from Dr. Ruth's statement; 



"In the thinned areas, the trees v/ere spreading and v/ell-f onned; 

 the un-thinned trees v/ere more upright, v/ith vj'eak wood and poor foliage, es- 

 pecially on the lower branches. In 1939 shade had become so dense in the un- 

 thinned blocks that Delicious was practically worthless due to poor color. 

 Grimes fruit from similar blocks developed a poor finish. Because the trees 

 had become so crowded spraying vias difficult aaid scab became a serious problem; 

 leaf -hoppers v/ere abundant where the trees had not been thinned 



"Althougli the total yield between 1935 and 1939 was in favor of the 

 unthinned areas, individual tree yields on lightly pruned trees v/ere higher 

 in the thinned areas. The presence of the extra trees, therefore, was already 

 exerting an unfavorable effect upon individual tree-yield: this difference 

 was less v/here nitrogen was used than where it was not used. During this 

 period, also, the favorable effect of the 1935 thinning was reflected in bet- 

 ter tree growth, as indicated by greater trunk circumference. 



"It is concluded that the filler trees should have been removed two 

 years earlier, when the trees were 10 years old; if this had been done, the 

 unfavorable effect upon the permanent trees would have been less severe. In 

 the writer's experience, hov/ever, trees which receive a setback in their earlier 

 years, by unfavorable treatment, never catch up," 



