the life and usefulnesG of orchard trees. Decay in older trees is univer- 

 Bally t!j:CQii fur granted, ar.d thiiiB'it ofton happonft that t-jo littio attention 

 is paid to tho possibility :>f proTonting jr at least postponing tho otart of 

 •'.ocay. A practiccil iJiJ ^atiafactory moth d .'f troatinj; wounds, particularly 

 pruning w 'unds, would go f*r t'Jirard poatpaiint: daaa.g« by wg-xl decay, 



"vniGnover the bark covering woody plcjits is cut or broken, the re- 

 sulting Bound porr.iits the entrance 5f destructive fungi ozid insects, v/hich 

 cause rot tu'.d disintograti-on if the wood. Since these organisr.s are chiefly 

 responsible f ^r tho (..etericration of otherwise healthy trees during th^,ir 

 :.a:3st pr:.'ductivc years, the effective trer.tnent of wounds is iinportrnt in 

 nr.intenonce of fruit and shade treos. Causes of wounds are numerous, rjid m.>st 

 of ther.1 iiTo ftu:iilitu:. In the orchard, pruning operations cause the most 

 wounds, f'nd although these are intent i^^nal, thoy nevertheless ondaiigor the 

 tree. Protective treatment of such wounds is thus in,M3rtant, 



"The object in treatiuient is to protect the exposed wjot' fron fungi 

 and insects, yet to interfere as little as possible vvith the namal healing 

 process, Uany r.iatorials have been prop^jsed as wound dressing for trees, 

 but no one substance has yet proved to be entirely satisfactory. The reasons 

 why tested Materials ha\'e been found faulty becoue obvious when 'the sssei:itial 

 reauirei.ients for a g^-'-d wound dressing are considered. Briefly such a material 

 must be: (1) Durable under all conditions of exposure, Maintaining a per- 

 mc-xient toid continuous surface which will prevent chocking and cracking of 

 the wood* (2) N^t seriously injurious to freshly exposed living tissues of 

 bark, canbiuia, and sapwood, (3) Ii.apor-uotible, repellent, or toxic to fungi, 

 insects, and other hamful organisns or agents, (4) Inexpensive and readily 

 obtainable, (5) Easy and convenient to store, handle, and apply, (6) In- 

 conspicu .5us, (applies particul-.'.rly to shade trees)," 



After testing 24 materials including white house paint, Bordeaux 

 paint, c 'ppor resin, and variations of asphalt water emulsions, asphalt paints, 

 orange shellac, blue Vifagon paint, coaltar pain-6, red bam paint, and water- 

 glass, the authors dravi this conclusion; "Tho results of these studies do 

 not point to any one material as being entirely suitable for treating 

 pruning wounds on trees, Fr-or.i the standpoint of durability coid froedom from 

 injury to -che cambium, tisphalt-water emulsion, white house paint, fibrated 

 asphalt paint, Bordeaux paint, and copper resin have considerable prOLiise.** 



More Freezer Lockers , More than 8000 freezer locker pltmts are now in 

 operation in ^he U. S«, of v/hich over 1500 v/ore built last year - tho largest 

 nui.iber for viiy year on record. 



One Advantage of plcjie T r an s p o rt at i on « A gain in weight ronounting to as 

 much as 24;;o is reported in poaches allowed to mature on the tree as c^umpared 

 to those picked at the usual ctage for r;iil shipment. This laay jaiount to 

 a carload of fruit por day fr^xi a 40 - acre orcharf , 



Liore than 100 cQm.pounds or mixtures are listed in the literature as having 

 been tried. 



