-7- 



No power sprayers wore ever used in Polaiid. This is true also for most 

 of Gorman orchards. Knapsack and barrel sprayers v/ore the most common. 

 They give satisfactory results in vi*jw of the fact that our posts arc not as 

 bad as yours, I have soon orchards \/herG no spraying was done producing a 

 fair fruit, 



¥;'e have some good orchards and some very different from yours. 

 There is a two hundred acre orchard in Csiny near Skicrniewice comp.)sed of 

 dwarf and semi-dwarf apple trees. The dwarfs arc treated here as you would 

 treat tomatoes. They are plaiited as close as 6 x 3 feet and boar fruit next 

 year after planting. This is the system of the so called "intensive orchard* 

 ing". The apple trees are not the only crop gro'/m on the soil. At least 

 two successive crops of vegetables are grown betwe .;n the trees each year, 

 early cabbage and snap beans for instance. Heavy fertilization and continuous 

 cultivation enables the soil to give heavj- ^/iolds. 



Our standard orchards are never grown in sod. It is claimed that 

 our climate is too dry for this system (20 inches rainfall). The soil is 

 cultivated in the spring and c jvyr crops are suvm for the late sumner and 

 fall in mature orchards. Vegetables, p^/catoos and similar crops are grovm 

 in young orchards, 



l/Ye have a plcjit as a cover crop iicre that, I think, far exceeds 

 most covsr crops I have seen growing in the United States, This is lupine. 

 It mokes a very quick growth and gives a large volume of green material. It 

 will stand dry weather very well and will grow on very poor soil. As a 

 legume it is especially desirable. It is much hardier than soy beans and 

 is killed by a rathor heavy frost. It's stems are thick and sturdy vAich 

 mries it very good plant for retaining a great deal of snow in wintor. 



As I understand it lupine v;as recently introduced in Florida cjid 

 other Southern States v.'hcre it xjas enthusiastically received, I think it 

 would grow even better in the North and would give better results as cover 

 crops in peach orchards than the plants you grow there at present. You 

 could get seed for trial from Florida. If you want it I would be very glad 

 to send you some of our seed if AiTiericon quarantine laws will permit its 

 entry, \'{e would arrange here for the inspection of seed to be sent to j'-ou. 



We have started work on reconstruction of our fruit grov/ing hero 

 and I am in charge of planning experimental work in pomology. We are ready 

 to plant large experimental orchards in the spring. The necessary lands 

 and funds have already beon granted by the governiaent. On our College land 

 there will be a new experimental orchard of ov-,r a hundred acres planted in 

 the spring. The v/ork on soil noi-iagement and fertilization, aianual bearing, 

 winter resistance tuid so on will be done h'^re, I vjill have -jne block here 

 of 25 acres just for soil management studies," 



