20 PHYSICAL TRAINING 



of the foot when walking, are likely to cause the 

 foot to turn outward, whereas, in walking or run- 

 ning the foot naturally tends to point straight 

 ahead, or even a little inward. When the shape 

 of a shoe prevents the foot from taking this 

 natural position, actually encouraging it to turn 

 more and more outward, then the weight of the 

 body is not carried by the parts best fitted for it, 

 and thus arises a strong likelihood that the arch 

 will be broken. This, however, does not take 

 place before the development of a considerable 

 amount of pain in the foot, calf, or even in the 

 back. Therefore we can look upon these signs 

 as timely warnings. 



Summary of Points Concerning Carriage 



Common Faults Common Causes 



1. Hanging head. Weak musculature, malnu- 



trition, underfeeding, defective 

 eyes. 



2. Stoop shoulders and flat Weak musculature due to 

 chest. one or more of several causes; 



or difficulty in breathing, 

 caused by adenoids, for ex- 

 ample. 



3. Protruding abdomen. Generally present with flat 



chest and round shoulders, 

 sometimes indirectly caused 

 by them, but often caused by 

 some serious digestive diffi- 

 culty. 



