ANTHROPOMETRY 43 



Galton, of London, developed splendid and useful 

 systems. Galton particularly developed the 

 scheme of grouping all the measurements of one 

 item, say height, into percentile groups, making it 

 easy to determine the mean, making it possible 

 for one to tell that a certain individual, for 

 example, excelled a certain percentage of individ- 

 uals, or was excelled in turn by a certain percent- 

 age. 



Galton's system made it possible to represent 

 the size of a group graphically, and this is the 

 system most usually carried out in our higher 

 educational systems. 



In 1861 Dr. Hitchcock, of Amherst, began 

 taking the physical measurements of pupils, 

 and educational systems generally followed his 

 example, till now this measuring is carried out 

 with great thoroughness by nearly all educational 

 institutions of importance, including high schools 

 and private academies. Therefore many tables 

 of measurements have been compiled, perhaps 

 the best and most useful being those of Dr. 

 Hastings, of Springfield. His manual gives the 

 measurements of a great number of children, from 

 infancy upward, all arranged in the percentile 

 form. These tables are of immense value for the 

 quick determination of an individual's deviation 

 from type. 



Generally speaking, measurements of children 



