66 PHYSICAL TRAINING 



and then the difference, or chest expansion. The 

 same process is repeated with the measure an 

 inch or an inch and a half below the bottom of 

 the breast-bone. Take the largest measurement 

 you can get. The exact place will vary with 

 individuals. The chest girth and "average" 

 expansion are given in the tables. 



The arms. Measure about the middle of the 

 upper arm, letting the arm hang loosely. Then 

 measure the upper arm again with the biceps con- 

 tracted fully, taking the largest measurement you 

 can get. 



The waist. This is taken where the measure- 

 ment is smallest. You must use care in this to 

 see that the waist is not contracted. Many 

 children will contract the waist a little upon its 

 being measured. 



The hips, thighs, and calves are also taken at the 

 point of greatest measurement. Be careful that 

 the boy stands evenly on both feet. 



Before comparing his measurements with those 

 of the tables you must decide to what type he 

 belongs. You can almost tell with your eye 

 whether he is normally slender, medium, or heavy. 

 Another name for heavy would be thick-set. This 

 does not mean fat. The obviously fat boy is an 

 abnormal type, and these measurements are not 

 suited for boys having a great excess of adipose 

 tissue. 



