406 APPEXDIX. 



in diameter and 10-25 cm. high, with brown scale-like sheaths at 

 the nodes. These shoots terminate in a cone-like cluster of 

 sporophylls. Later in the season from the same underground 

 stems, grow green much branched shoots, looking somewhat like- 

 miniature pines, the main lateral axes being produced in whorls 

 at the nodes. Collect both sorts of aerial shoots with under- 

 ground shoots and roots attached. Preserve the flesh-colored 

 and underground shoots and a few green shoots in alcohol or 

 formalin ; most of the green shoots may be dried under light 

 pressure between drying paper or newspaper. 



Adiantum. — Gametophytes of any fern will answer. They are 

 flat green heart-shaped bodies 2-5 mm. in diameter, attached to 

 soil by rhizoids. They may be collected on fern pots or grown 

 in greenhouses, or may be obtained from supply company named. 

 Especial care should be taken to have some young sporo- 

 phytes still attached to gametophytes. The sporophytes of 

 the maidenhair fern are easily recognized by the peculiarly 

 branched leaf. The stem is wholly underground. Each leaf 

 has a slender polished stalk which forks into two equal 

 branches ; these fork, one branch of each pair growing straight 

 and bearing leaflets while the other again forks in the same way ; 

 and so on until 4-8 branches have been formed on each half. 

 Collect underground stems and roots, loosening them gently and 

 washing off dirt carefully to avoid destroying all root tips and 

 hairs. Preserve these in alcohol or formalin. Gather leaves 

 when the crescent-shaped fruit dots at edges of leaflets are yel- 

 lowish brown (August). Preserve by drying, spreading out 

 each leaf to show its mode of branching clearly. 



Selaginella. — A wild species', S. rupestris, grows abundantly on 

 dry bare hills and rocks. It forms grayish-green, much branched 

 tufts, 3-8 cm. high, with narrow bristle-tipped appressed 

 leaves, and resembles in aspect a large rigid moss. Many 

 branches are terminated by a sharply quadrangular spike of 

 sporophylls, about 1 cm. long. Several exotic species are com- 

 monly cultivated in greenhouses and window gardens, where 

 they produce sporangia abundantly. Any species will answer. 

 Collect the wild plant about July. Specimens may be preserved 

 dry or in alcohol or formalin. 



Pinus. — Any species will answer. The Scotch pine is so widely 

 planted that it is often easiest to collect. The leaves are grayish 



