MONOCOTYLEDONS AND DICOTYLEDONS 277 



ray-flowers is the broad expanse supplied by a very much 

 broadened axis, and known as the dish (Fig. 261, ^), which 

 is closely packed with very numerous small and regular 

 tubular flowers, known as disk-flowers (Fig. 261, e). 



Fig. 262. The common dandelion (yaraxac?///*): 1, two flower stalks; in one the head 

 is closed, showing the double involucre, the inner erect, the outer reflexed, in the 

 other the head open, showing that all the flowers are strap-shaped; 2, a single 

 flower showing inferior ovary, pappus, corolla, stamen tube, and two-parted style; 

 3, a mature akene; /,, a head from which all but oue of the akenes have been re- 

 moved, showing the pitted receptacle and the promiueut i)appus beak.— After 

 Strasburgkr. 



The division of labor among the flowers of a single head 

 is plainly marked, and sometimes it becomes quite com- 

 plex. The closely packed flowers have resulted in modify- 

 ing the sepals extremely. Sometimes they disappear en- 

 3G 



