Fig. 166. Eel grass {Vallisneria), a common pondweed plant. The plants are 

 anchored and the foliage is submerged. The carpel-bearing flowers are carried to 

 the surface on long stalks which allow a variable depth of water. The stamen- 

 bearing flowers remain submerged, as indicated near the lower left corner, the 

 flowers breaking away and rising to the surface, where they float and efiect pollina- 

 tion.— After Kerner. 



