112 



HUMAN HISTORY 



Europe. The names of the cuhural periods, it may be remarked, 

 are taken from the places where either specimens of the culture 

 were first found, or where they are seen at their best. Thus 

 Chellean is derived from Chelles — a palaeolithic station close to 

 Paris — Acheulean from St. Acheul in the valley of the Somme, 

 Mousterian from Le Moustier on the right bank of the Vezere, 

 and so on. 



Period. 



Post-GIacial 



Date. 

 1,000 B.C. 



1,800 „ 



2,000 „ 



4,000 „ 



5,000 „ 



7,000 „ 



10,000 „ 



12,000 „ 



16,000 „ 



20,000 „ 



25,000 „ 



Fourth Glacial 50,000 



Third Genial 150,000 



Third Glacial 175,000 



Second Genial 375,000 



Second Glacial 400,000 



First Genial 475,000 



First Glacial 500,000 

 Beginning of 



Pleistocene 525,000 



Culture. 

 Iron 



Bronze 



Racial Type. 



Europe 



, Orient 

 Europe 



(orient 

 , Copper 

 \ Swiss Lake 

 (Eariy 

 / Azilian 

 I Magdalenian 

 Palaeolithic Solutrian 



Aurignacian 



Neolithic 



Upper 





Middle 

 Palaeolithic 



Lower 

 Palaeolithic 



Mousterian 



I Acheulean 

 Chellean 

 Pre-Chellean 



Modem racial types. 



Brunn and other races. 



Cro-Magnon and 

 Grimaldi. 



H. neanderthalensis. 



Eoanthropus. 



H. heidelbergensis. 



. Pithecanthropus. 



5. Turning to the fossil remains of man we have first to deal 

 with Pithecanthropus. In September 1891 Dr. Eugene Dubois 

 of Amsterdam discovered at Trinil in Java certain fossil remains ; 

 he continued to excavate for some two years, and succeeded in 

 finding other remains, all of which he attributed to the same 

 individual. To this individual he gave the name of Pithecan- 

 thropus erectus.^ Dubois considered that the strata in which 



^ Dubois, Pithecanthropus ercctus .' eine menschenahnliche Vhergangi^form aus Java, 

 Dubois has published several other papers and the literature is very large. The 

 earlier literature has been summarized bv Klaatsch (Zoologisches Centralhlatt, 

 vol. vi, 1899, p. 217), and by Schwalbe {Zeit. fur Morph. und Anth., Bd. 1, 1899, 

 p. 16). For a concise account see Duckworth, Morphology and Anthropology, 

 pp. 510 ff. The remains consist of the upper portion of a skull, a left femur, 

 a second left upper molar, a third right upper molar and a second left lower 

 pre-molar. The last tooth was not found by Dubois but by subsequent excavators. 



