514 



INDEX 



Neomalthusianism, early history of, 

 31 ; Bradlaugh-Besant trial, 33 ; in 

 foreign countries, 33. 



New Britain, early intercourse, 185 ; 

 abortion, 222 ; celibacy, 226. 



New Caledonia, early intercourse, 185 ; 

 lactation, 185 ; restriction of inter- 

 course, 186 ; fertility, 188 ; abortion, 

 189 ; infanticide, 191 ; war, 193. 



New Guinea, early intercourse, 185 ; 

 lactation, 185 ; restriction of inter- 

 course, 186 ; contraceptive practices, 

 186 ; fertility, 188 ; abortion, 190 ; 

 infanticide, 191 ; war, 193 ; head- 

 hunting, 194 ; witchcraft, 195. 



New Hebrides, abortion, 189 ; infanti- 

 cide, 191, 221 ; war, 193. 



New Zealand, early intercourse, 184 ; 

 restriction of intercourse, 186 ; fer- 

 tility, 187 ; abortion, 189 ; infanti- 

 cide, 190; war, 192; property, 211. 



Nias, fertility, 189 ; abortion, 190. 



Nigeria, fertility, 177 ; abortion, 178 ; 

 war, 180 ; property, 209. 



Nishinan, infanticide, 149. 



Nissau, 190. 



Nitrogen in the sea, 59. 



Nootkas, fertility, 99 ; lactation, 138 ; 

 abortion, 146 ; health, 159 ; infant 

 mortality, 160. 



Nucleus, nature of, 39 ; function of, 66. 



Oestrous cycle, 44. 



Ojebway Indians, war, 170 ; marriage 

 customs, 229. 



Omahas, fertility, 144 ; property, 208 ; 

 age at marriage, 229. 



Onolove, early intercourse, 173 ; abor- 

 tion, 179. 



Optimum density of population, 200, 

 213;' approximation to, among pri- 

 mitive races, 230, 236, 292 ; among 

 historical races, 239, 270, 293, 309 ; 

 military needs and, 310. 



Orthogenesis, 79. 



Ostyaks, health, 196. 



Otommi, abortion, 168. 



Ovaherero, property, 210. 



Over-population, fear of, in England, 

 23 ; among historical races, 275, 283, 

 284, 290, 304 ; migration and, 297 ; 

 war and, 304 ; in the future, 308 ; 

 unemployment and, 312. 



Ovulation, see Menstruation. 



Ovum, 40. 



Palaeolithic period, 118 



Patagonians, health, 159. 



Pawumwa Indians, obligation to work, 



213. 

 Payaguas, abortion, 146 ; health, 236. 

 Pelew Islands, early intercourse, 185 ; 



restriction of intercourse, 186 ; fer 



tility, 187 ; war, 192 ; property, 211 

 Persia, celibacy, 251 ; marriage, 253 



lactation, 254 ; restriction of inter 



course, 254 ; abortion, 265. 

 Peruvian tribes, fertility, 167 ; infanti 



cide, 169; war, 170; age at marriage 



230. 

 Pimas, contraceptive methods, 167 ; 



abortion, 168, 221 ; infanticide, 169^ 

 Pithecanthropus, 112. 

 Plough, invention of, 127 ; use of, 162. 

 Polygamy, influence upon fecundity, 



102 ; among primitive races, 132. 

 Poor law, marriage and, 282. 

 Port Herald, contraceptive methods, 



177. 

 Primates, evolution of, 109. 

 Primitive races, value of evidence re- 

 garding, 85, 131 ; intellect and, 447. 

 Progress, definition of, 85 ; rate of, 



130 ; in different regions, 438. 

 Protista, reproduction among, 39. 

 Pueblos, contraceptive methods, 167 ; 



abortion, 168 ; war, 170. 

 Puelches, lactation, 138 ; fertility, 144 ; 



infanticide, 149, 218 ; war, 152 ; 



infant mortality, 160. 

 Puget Sound Indians, lactation, 138 ; 



abortion, 146. 

 Pure Line inheritance, 69. 



Queka Indians, treatment of aged, 155. 



Racial crosses, 380, 453. 



Radeck, infanticide, 191, 221 ; health, 

 235. 



Rarotonga, infanticide, 190 ; war, 192. 



Ratios of increase of food and of popula- 

 tion, 26, 198 ; of human population, 

 105. 



Reflex action, 45. 



Religious writers, attitude to Malthus, 

 30. 



Reproduction, necessity for, 38 ; nature 

 of, 39 ; methods of, 41 ; among 

 species in nature and men, 52. 



Reproductive organs, size among pri- 

 mitive races, 97. 



Rome, discussion of population problem 

 in, 18, 49 ; expectation of life in, 246 ; 

 age at marriage in, 251 ; early inter- 

 course, 254 ; contraceptive methods, 

 255 ; abortion, 256, 272 ; infanticide, 

 258. 



Rotuma, abortion, 189 ; war, 192. 



Rovuma River, restriction of inter- 

 course, 176. 



Salish, lactation, 138 ; age at marriage, 

 140 ; health, 159 ; property, 206. 



Samoa, lactation, 185 ; restriction of 

 intercourse, 186 ; fertility, 187 ; 



