PREFACE. i x 



The botanical names which are given the first 

 place are those which are taken from Gray's Field, 

 Forest, and Garden Botany ; these find a universal 

 acceptation in this country. Those which hold the 

 second place conform with a recent system of no- 

 menclature instituted by Prof. C. S. Sargent, through 

 whose kindness I am enabled to make my list 

 complete. 



The introduction of the red spruce as a distinct 

 species, and not as a variety of the black spruce, and 

 also the expression of any views regarding the char- 

 acter of a species, must not be mistaken for an inten- 

 tion on my part of indulging in a botanical opinion. 

 As a student and lover of Nature, I must beg the 

 privilege of simply exercising a choice between dis- 

 puted botanical points, which is, of course, consistent 

 with my own profession. 



I wish to acknowledge the kind assistance received 

 from Dr. B. L. Robinson, Prof. L. H. Bailey, and 

 Prof. C. S. Sargent, without whose advice I could 

 never have completed my work satisfactorily. I am also 

 greatly indebted to Prof. J. G. Jack, Mr. C. E. Faxon, 

 Mr. Jackson Dawson, and Mr. Newlin Williams for 

 their valuable suggestions and the acquisition of many 

 needed specimens. Indeed, without this help it 

 would have been impossible for me to gather all the 

 material necessary to make my list include over two 



