398 THE PESTS OF GARDEN PLANTS 



diseased Charlock is near Turnips, the Turnips are very likely to fall 

 a prey to the disease. We advise the planting of the best seeds, the 

 eradication of cruciferous weeds, and the destruction by fire, wherever 

 possible, of all decaying Fingers and Toes material, for it is in this 

 material that the spores of the disease rest ready for opening, and 

 reproduce the disease in the following season. It is also desirable 

 that cruciferous plants should not be continuously planted in the 

 same quarter. 



Thoroughly good cultivation will doubtless tend more directly to 

 eradicate this pest than any special treatment. A complete change 

 in the order of cropping, the free use of soot and lime, and systematic 

 subsoiling, will go far towards clearing the land so that in two or 

 three years it may be safe to grow Turnips again. As regards the 

 occurrence of Anbury in seed-beds, frequent transplantation is a very 

 effectual mode of stopping its progress, for the little galls can be 

 pinched off by the workman, and burnt as he proceeds ; and the 

 plant, being invigorated by change of soil, will soon grow away from 

 the affection ; indeed, it is no uncommon thing to see the formation 

 of new healthy roots above the Club, showing the disposition of the 

 plant to grow away from it without help. It is worthy of special 

 remark, that in market gardens Anbury is by no means so prevalent 

 as to interfere with the routine of cultivation, although the Cabbages, 

 Broccoli, and Cauliflowers grown in these grounds are under other 

 circumstances especially liable to attack. By ' other circumstances ' 

 we mean that market gardens are generally kept under high cultiva- 

 tion, the land being perpetually turned about and heavily manured ; 

 and these measures, appear to keep Anbury away, while, on the other 

 hand, they make heavy crops. But on land less energetically tilled, 

 Anbury may prevail to such an extent as to seriously interfere with 

 the order of cropping. 



Seed-beds of Cabbage may be in a material degree protected 

 against Club by scattering fine dry dust or road scrapings amongst 

 the young plants ; for this, at any rate, checks the progress of the 

 midges and weevils that cause the root-galls. Another very important 

 mode of keeping down the pest consists in burning instead of bury- 

 ing the stumps and all other refuse of the crop that cannot be turned 

 to account. Where burning is inconvenient, the burying should be 

 deep to be effectual. 



Fingers and Toes are usually associated with Anbury, but the 

 cause is probably in the plant and its conditions, and has no special 

 relation to insect agency. Instead of forming a shapely solid bulb, 



