DISEASES OF GLADIOLUS, LILIES, ETC. 411 



compacted inner brown bodies, surrounded by an indefinite number 

 of transparent cells. At maturity these spores break up as at B, and 

 both the inner dark bodies and the outer transparent ones are capable 

 of germinating and reproducing the fungus. 



The Colchicum is attacked by a closely allied but different species 

 of Urocystis viz. U. colchiri. The Ranunculaceae are attacked by 

 another ally in U. pompholygodes, and Rye is attacked by a third in 

 U. occulta. No method of cure has yet been published for this pest ; 

 it is, however, desirable that only sound and good corms should be 

 planted, for if infected corms are placed in the ground it is one 

 certain means of propagating the disease. The bars shown across the 

 illustration of this disease are magnificent crystals, very common in 

 Gladiolus corms. 



Lilies, especially during late years, have been very subject to a 

 disease in early summer : the leaves get spotted and damp and rot off ; 

 the flower-buds speedily follow and leave the bare stalk. The Rev. 

 M. J. Berkeley, who has studied this disease, and whose illustration 

 we have copied from the Gardeners' Chronicle, says the disease of 

 Lilies is caused by a fungus closely allied to the fungus of the 

 Potato disease, and named Ovularia elliptica. The spores are large, 

 and produce zoospores, or spores with hair-like tails, capable of 

 sailing about in water or upon moist places, as illustrated in the 

 figure of the Potato fungus, page 404. This pest attacks a large 

 number of species of Lilium, both before and after flowering. Hya- 

 cinthus candicans and some Tulips suffer from a very similar, if not 

 thesame, production. This fungus has lately been described as a true 

 Peronospora. Bulbs are subject to many fungus growths, as Volutella 

 hyacinthorum, Didymium Sowerei, &c. ; many fungi follow the decay 

 of the bulb, others undoubtedly produce or greatly accelerate decay. 

 No remedy is known, but we advise the purchase of the soundest 

 and best bulbs. Good drainage and sufficient air are indispensable. 

 All infected foliage and stems should be burnt. 



DISEASE OF HOLLYHOCKS AND MALVACEOUS PLANTS. In some 

 parts of England, the cultivation of the Hollyhock had at one time 

 quite ceased, owing to the attacks of a microscopic fungus named 

 Puccinia malvacearum. In gardens and nurseries, where formerly 

 Hollyhocks were one of the chief ornaments of the place, it was 

 no longer possible to grow a single plant. The disease is not con- 

 fined to the Hollyhock, but it attacks many malvaceous plants, 

 notably the Mallows of our hedge-sides. We have seen plants 



