Encyclopaedia of Gardening 21 



some evergreen, others deciduous; some hardy, others tender. One 

 of the best known is Sipho, the " Dutchman's pipe," a hardy 

 climber with curious brown and yellow flowers late in spring, and 

 with handsome foliage. The most remarkable of the indoor species 

 is gigas Sturtevantii, a stove climber with an immense greyish 

 flower furnished with a long tail. Propagated by cuttings of young 

 wood with a heel, preferably in a propagating case. Soil: 3 parts 

 loam, i each decayed manure and leaf mould, |- sand, for the indoor 

 kinds; ordinary garden soil for Sipho. 



Armeria (Thrift). See Flower Garden Rockery. 



Arnebia, Prophet Flower (arne-bia, Arabic name. Ord. Boragi- 

 naceae). Arnebias cornuta and echioides are pretty dwarf plants, 

 suitable for the frame and borders, or for rockwork. The former, 

 which grows 18 ins. high, and has yellow flowers in July, is an 

 annual, and may be grown from seed sown under glass in spring. 

 It likes a loamy, gritty, well-drained soil. Echioides grows about 

 9 ins. high, is a perennial, and has yellow flowers with five black dots 

 (" marks of Mahomet," hence the name Prophet Flower) in late 

 spring; the spots fade as the flowers age. It is propagated by 

 cuttings or pieces of root in spring in heat. It thrives in any good 

 soil if not dry 



Arrowhead. See Flower Garden Water. 

 Artichoke. See Kitchen Garden. 

 Artificial Manures. See Manures. 



Arum (ar-um, from aron, an Egyptian word. Ord. Aroideae). 

 The Arums are distinguished by singular flowers, resembling those 

 of the Arum Lily in form, and in some cases by marked leaves. 

 Itaiicum, which grows about 18 ins. high, and produces greenish- 

 white flowers in April, is perhaps the best-known species. It has 

 variegated leaves, and is hardy. Maculatum, with its poisonous 

 scarlet autumn berries, is the native Cuckoo pint. Palaestinum 

 or Sanctum, sometimes called the Black Calla, requires greenhouse 

 cultivation. Cornutum is the so-called " Monarch of the East." 

 The flowers are red, spotted with black; and the stems are spotted. 

 It should be kept dry in winter, and needs protection from frost. 

 Crinitum has immense red spotted flowers, and marked stems. 

 Dracunculus has mottled stems, large leaves, and purplish flowers. 

 Propagation is by division in spring. Any good, moist garden soil 

 suits ; nearly all are the better for litter over the roots in winter. 



Arum Lily. This plant, which is remarkable for its beautiful 

 white spathe, is grown under various names, such as Lily of the Nile, 

 Calla aethiopica, Richardia aethiopica, and R. Africana. The last 

 is now the accepted botanical name. Although the plant will some- 

 times pass the winter out of doors unharmed it is not hardy, and is 

 almost universally grown for flowering in winter and spring. It is 

 particularly in demand for church decoration at Easter. There are 

 several garden varieties of it, notably Childsiana and grandiflora, 

 which are very large; Little Gem, a miniature form ; Pearl of Stutt- 

 gart, dwarf; and The Godfrey, another miniature form. All are 



