Encyclopaedia of Gardening 65 



when in full bloom, and there are several varieties (see Aesculus). 

 The Sweet Chestnut is Castanea sativa, and its nuts are much 

 esteemed. They will keep a long time if stored in dry sand, and 

 are very tasty when roasted. There are several varieties, differing 

 in the form and colour-marking of the leaves. 



Castor-oil Plant. See Ricinus. 



Catalpa (catal-pa, the Indian name. Ord. Bignoniaceae). 

 Handsome trees, of which the North American species bignonioides 

 is the most important. It is a tree growing 20 to 30 ft. high, and 

 bearing white, purple-spotted flowers in July. There are several 

 varieties, including one with yellow and another with silver-varie- 

 gated leaves. It is a good town tree, as it does not grow to a great 

 size, or run immoderately at the root, yet the head has a nice spread 

 and the flowers are pretty. It is not particular as to soil, and will 

 grow near towns. Propagation is by seeds in spring or layers in 

 autumn. Cordifolia (speciosa) and Kaempferi are two other good 

 hardy species. 



Catananche (catanan-che, from katanangke, in reference to its use 

 in love-potions, hence also the name Cupidone, under which it is 

 sometimes grown. Ord. Compositae.) Caerulea, blue; and its 

 blue and white variety bicolor, are hardy herbaceous perennials, 

 growing 2 to 3 ft. high, and flowering in summer. The flowers are 

 dried for winter use. They are not particular as to soil, and may be 

 propagated by seed or division. 



Catasetum (catase-tum, from kata, downward, and seta, a bristle, 

 in allusion to the position of the horns of the column. Ord. Orchi- 

 daceae). A large but not very important genus of hothouse Orchids, 

 generally grown on blocks or in baskets, but also available for pot 

 culture in crocks and a fourth of peat and some Sphagnum moss. 

 They should be given a good deal of water while growing, but when 

 growth is completed they should receive very little. Propagated 

 by division when fresh growth starts. They want abundance of 

 heat and moisture in summer. The most popular species is Bunge- 

 rothii, which has white flowers; there are several varieties of it. 

 Macrocarpum and splendens, with their varieties, are also esteemed. 



Catchfly. See Silene. 



Caterpillars. Caterpillars, hatching from the eggs of certain 

 butterflies and moths, are very destructive to many kinds of plants. 

 Several kinds attack fruit trees (see Fruit), while others infest green 

 vegetables (see Kitchen Garden). Dusting them with Hellebore 

 powder is a simple means of destroying caterpillars on bushes of 

 small size. Hand-picking and syringing with brine may be resorted 

 to. Birds eat large quantities of caterpillars, and should be 

 encouraged in gardens. 



Cattleya (catt-leya, after Mr. Cattley. Ord. Orchidaceae) . One 

 of the most important genera of Orchids, giving noble flowers of 

 beautiful and varied colours. They may be grown either in pots 

 (alternatively pans) or baskets. In the former case the pots should 

 be nearly filled with fibrous peat, Sphagnum moss, and crocks, and 

 the plants set on the top. The pots may be 3 parts filled with 



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