80 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



Clarkia (clark-ia, after Captain Clark. Ord. Onagrarieae) . See 

 Annuals. 



Clary (Salvia sclarea). An old English plant, getting its name of 

 Clary (clear-eye) from its supposed value in eye affections. It is 

 sown in spring for use as a pot-herb. 



Clay. See Soil, Kitchen Garden, and Drainage. 



Clematis (clem-atis or clemat-is, from klema, a vine-shoot, allud- 

 ing to the habit. Ord. Ranunculaceae) . One of our most valuable 

 rambling plants, thriving in most soils, and giving a profusion of 

 beautiful flowers. The lovely white montana, which blooms in 

 early summer, may be propagated by cuttings after flowering. 

 Jackmanii, and most of the garden varieties and hybrids, are propa- 

 gated in the nurseries by grafting on the species Vitalba (see Graft- 

 ing) ; but they may sometimes be struck from cuttings of mature 

 side shoots under a bell-glass in summer, or from layers in September. 

 The Clematises are not fastidious about soil; they prefer light to 

 heavy land if it is manured ; damp, stiff soil is not suitable. They 

 should not be planted where the roots will be subject to constant 

 drip in wet weather. It is wise to plant the Jackmanii set early, 

 and cut them back to within a foot of the ground at once ; they are 

 then sure to break strongly; when planted late, and unpruned, they 

 often fail. The pruning of the different kinds varies, and it may be 

 well to classify them : Coccinea group : these are hybrids from coc- 

 cinea (syn. Pitcheri), a scarlet, urn-shaped species flowering in July; 

 the following are good: Countess of Onslow, deep red; Duchess of 

 Albany, pink; and Sir Trevor Lawrence, crimson; thin as required. 

 Florida group : these" are suitable for cool greenhouses ; Battle of 

 Woking, double, grey; and Duchess of Edinburgh, double, white, 

 are popular sorts; thin out crowded shoots in late winter and leave 

 the rest. Jackmanii type: Jackmanii, violet; J. alba Smith's 

 variety, white; Madame Edouard Andre, red; and Prince of Wales, 

 puce, are four of the best of this set, and they should be pruned hard 

 annually, the flowered shoots of one year being cut back to the old 

 wood, making way for strong new shoots, which will bloom well the 

 same year. Lanuginosa group : these are large and beautiful flowers, 

 suitable for pillars; Beauty of Worcester, violet; Enchantress, 

 double, white ; and Venus Victrix, double, lavender, are three of the 

 best; they do well with the same pruning as the Florida group. 

 Patens group: beautiful for arches and pillars ; Fair Rosamond, blush ; 

 Lady Londesborough, silver; Miss Bateman, white; and The Queen, 

 lavender, are good; they should have the same pruning as the 

 Florida set. Viticella group : Lady Bovill, silvery blue ; Viticella 

 alba, white; and V. rubra grandiflora, red, are three of the best, and 

 may have Jackmanii pruning. Of the old species, Flammula, 

 hardy, white, sweet; indivisa and its variety lobata, white, green- 

 house; and Vitalba, hardy, white, the Traveller's Joy or Old Man's 

 Beard, may be mentioned. The last is beautiful in the hedgerows 

 i-n autumn, but montana is a much better garden plant ; the newer 

 variety of it, rubra, is desirable. 



Clerodendron (cleroden-dron, from kleros, chance, and dendron, a 

 tree, in allusion to uncertain medicinal qualities. Ord. Verbena- 



