88 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



generally grown under the name of Cotyledon may be mentioned 

 coccinea, scarlet; gibbiflora, pink and yellow; and orbiculata, red; 

 all of which flower in late summer and are suitable for a cool green- 

 house. The variety of gibbiflora called metallica, and other species 

 such as glauca, retusa and its variety glauca, secunda and its variety 

 glauca, and rosea, are commonly grown as Echeverias. These may be 

 propagated by laying some of the outer leaves in sand in late 

 summer, and taking off the little plants that form on them. The 

 Cotyledons may be propagated by cuttings in summer; they must 

 not be kept close. For soil use sandy loam. Although the Eche- 

 verias are used for the flower garden in summer, they should be 

 wintered under glass. Cotyledon umbilicus, the British Navelwort, 

 is hardy. 



Couch Grass, Twitch (Triticum repens). This, although a relative 

 of wheat, is a dangerous weed, as its underground stems creep 

 widely. * They must be forked out, dried, and burned. 



Couve Tronchuda. See Kitchen Garden. 



Cow-dung. See Manures. 



Cowslip, Primula veris. 



Crab, Wild Apple (Pyrus acerba. Ord. Rosaceae). See Fruit. 



Crambe maritima (Seakale). See Kitchen Garden. 



Cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris. Ord. Vacciniaceae) . A fruit of 

 little value. The American Cranberry, O. macrocarpa, is finer than 

 the British. They are hardy evergreens, liking moist, peaty soil, 

 and propagated by layers. 



Crane Fly (Tipula oleracea). See Daddy-longlegs. 

 Crane's-bill. See Geranium. 



Crassula (crass-ula, from crassus, thick. Ord. Crassulaceae) . 

 These succulents are allied to Kalosanthes and Rochea. The most 

 popular species is coccinea, which grows about 18 ins. high and 

 has scarlet flowers in summer (see the Botanical Magazine, t. 495). 

 Jasminea, which has white. flowers, blooms earlier, and is a smaller 

 plant (Bot. Mag., t. 2178). None of the other species are grown 

 very much. The Crassulas thrive in loam with a third of leaf 

 mould and a liberal admixture of sand and shattered brick. 

 Cuttings of young shoots, dried in the sun for a few hours, then 

 inserted in sandy soil in pots, root readily in summer. Give the 

 plants a sunny position in early summer and abundance of water; 

 reduce the supply of water in late summer, and cut the flowered 

 shoots back; give hardly any water in winter. 



Crataegus, Thorn (cratae-gus, from kratos, strength. Ord. Rosa- 

 ceae). A most useful genus, giving us, as it does, the useful hedge 

 " Quick " (see Flower Garden Hedges), and a number of handsome 

 species suitable for standard trees or wall bushes. The following 

 are a few of the best: Coccinea, a handsome North American tree 

 with white flowers followed by red fruit (see the Botanical Magazine, 

 t. 3432); there are several varieties of it; Mespilus coccinea is a 

 synonym. C. cordata, white, red fruit, is a late spring bloomer, 



