Encyclopaedia of Gardening 89 



shown in the Botanical Register, t. 1 1 5 1 . C. crus-galli is the Cock- 

 spur Thorn, so called because the thorns are long and curved ; white 

 flowers in spring, followed by dark red berries; splendens is a good 

 variety of it. C. Oxyacantha is the common British Hawthorn or 

 "May," of which there are many garden varieties; one of these, 

 praecox, is the Glastonbury Thorn, an early bloomer which legend 

 says sprang from the staff of Joseph of Arimathaea; Paul's Double 

 Scarlet, also the Double Crimson and Double White, are also varie- 

 ties of the common Hawthorn, and make beautiful standard trees for 

 lawns and shrubberies ; they bloom in spring. C. Pyracantha is the 

 popular wall shrub sometimes called the Fiery Thorn ; it has various 

 synonyms, such as Cotoneaster Pyracantha, Mespilus Pyracantha, 

 and Pyracantha coccinea; there are several varieties of the Fiery 

 Thorn, and one of the best is Lalandi (syn. Lelandi) ; they will thrive 

 in town gardens, and hold their brilliant berries a long time if the 

 birds spare them. The Thorns thrive in almost any soil. Standard 

 trees should be staked securely. Propagation of the species is by 

 seed; the special varieties are generally budded on to Oxyacantha. 

 The Black Thorn is not a Crataegus; it is Prunus spinosa. * 



Creepers. See Climbers. 

 Cress. See Kitchen Garden. 



Crinum (cri-num, from krinon (Greek), a Lily. Ord. Amarylli- 

 deae). Bulbous plants, with beautiful flowers and handsome 

 leaves. One or two species are nearly hardy, and may be grown 

 outdoors in sheltered places in light, well-drained, friable soil; one 

 of the best of these is Powelli, which grows about 3 ft. high and has 

 red flowers in July; album, white; and rubrum, red, are forms of 

 it. Moorei is very popular for pot culture in a warm house; it 

 grows about 15 ins. high, and has rosy flowers in late spring (see 

 the Botanical Magazine, t. 6113); there are white-flowered and 

 variegated-leaved forms of it ; Mackenii, Makoyanum, and Colensoi 

 are synonyms. Longifolium is a hardy species, with pink flowers 

 in July, growing about a yard high, and enjoying a moist spot; it 

 has several synonyms, such as capensis, riparium, Amaryllis capensis 

 and A. longifolia (see the Bot. Mag., t. 661). Kirkii has red and 

 white flowers in September (see the Bot. Mag., t. 6512); it grows 

 about 1 8 ins. high, and should be grown in a warm house. Gigan- 

 teum is a tall, white-flowered species, blooming in July, and shown 

 in the Bot. Mag., t. 923; Amaryllis gigantea is a synonym; it 

 requires a warm house. Loam, with a third of peat and some sand, 

 suits the Crinums. Propagation is by offsets in spring, or by seeds. 



Crocks. See Drainage. 

 Crocus. See Bulbs. 



Croscosmia. There is only one species, aurea, a South African 

 bulb (ord. Irideae), growing 2 ft. high, and bearing orange 

 flowers in July (see the Botanical Magazine, t. 4335). Bulbs 

 should be planted 4 ins. deep in friable soil in autumn. The bulbs 

 may be lifted in autumn and wintered like Gladioli. It is worth 

 growing in pots, and the bulb soil (see Bulbs) will suit it. 



