f 06 Encyclopedia of Gardening 



silvery below, an evergreen, are good. Aurea marginata, glabra 

 .aurea, and Simoni variegata are handsome garden varieties. 



Elder, Sambucus (sambu-cus. Ord. Caprif oliaceae) . Few small 

 trees are more familiar than the common Elder, with its white per- 

 fumed flowers in early summer, followed by black fruits. It is a 

 soft-wooded tree, apt to grow straggly and to be ugly in winter 

 unless carefully pruned. Any well-drained soil suits it. Propa- 

 gation is by cuttings from which the buds on the lower part have 

 been removed. The common species is S. nigra, but there are 

 several garden varieties of it, such as foliis aureis, golden; and 

 variegata, silvery. Viridis has green and racemosa scarlet berries. 



Elecampane, Inula Helenium. 



Elm, Ulmus campostris (ul-mus. Ord. Urticaceae) . Handsome 

 park trees, but by no means suitable for gardens, partly because 

 the roots ramble afar and impoverish the soil, partly because the 

 trees are apt to cast their branches in summer, and partly because 

 -of the noxious drip. They should not be planted near drives 

 because of the branch-casting propensity mentioned. The Elms 

 like a friable, loamy soil. They are propagated by seeds and layers, 

 special varieties by grafting. Two good varieties of the common 

 Elm are antarctica aurea and variegata. The Scotch or Wych Elm 

 (Ulmus montana) is suitable for gardens. The Parsley-leaved Elm 

 is a variety of it (crispa), and so are the Golden-leaved Elm, Dampieri 

 .aurea, and the Purple-leaved, purpurea. 



Embothrium (emboth-rium, from en, in, and bothrion, a little pit, 

 in reference to the setting of the anthers. Ord. Proteaceae). A 

 small genus of little importance generally, but including one very 

 ne plant in the species coccineum, a half-hardy evergreen shrub 

 which bears clusters of beautiful scarlet flowers in early summer. 

 It grows out of doors in Cornwall and other mild districts. Peat or 

 loam, but preferably a mixture of both, with grit, should be pro- 

 vided. Propagation is by seeds sown in spring. See the Botanical 

 Magazine, t. 4856. 



Empetrum, Crowberry (em-petrum, from en, in, and petros, a rock, 

 -a native of stony places. Ord. Empetraceae) . Evergreen shrubs 

 resembling Heaths, and flowering in May. Berries follow the 

 flowers. Peaty soil in a cool, moist place suits them. Propagation 

 is by cuttings in summer under a hand-light. There is but one 

 species, nigrum, with black berries; scoticum and rubrum are 

 varieties of it; the latter has red berries. 



Endive. See Kitchen Garden. 



Enkianthus (enkian-thus, from enknos, enlarged, and anthos, 

 flower, in reference to the flowers being enlarged in the middle. 

 Ord. Ericaceae). A small genus of shrubs, which includes one or 

 two useful plants. Loam, with a third of peat and some sand, 

 suits them. Propagation is by cuttings in a frame in spring. 

 Campanulatus, with red flowers in July; and japonicus, with white 

 flowers in late winter, are hardy (see the Botanical Magazine, 

 t. 7059 and t. 5822). 



