158 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



FRUIT continued. 



mothers for more delicate Pears that do not take kindly to the Quince 

 stock directly, but do so when one of the foregoing varieties inter- 

 venes. Knight's Monarch, Marie Benoist, Marie Louise, Passe 

 Crasanne, Thompson's, and Souvenir du Congres may be indicated 

 as delicious Pears that only develop their best quality when double- 

 worked. Planting and pruning : The remarks made under Apple 

 and Fruit apply. Insects and diseases : The remarks under 

 Apple apply, but a word may be said as to scale, which often 

 fastens on the bark in large quantities. The lime spray tends to 

 reduce it, or the following special spray may be used in winter: 

 I gallon paraffin oil, 5 Ib. soft soap, 25 gallons water. Varieties : 

 There is an enormous number of varieties, from which the following 

 may be selected-: (i) Jargonelle, (2) Williams's Bon Chretien, (3) Dr. 

 Jules Guyot, (4) Hessle, (5) Souvenir du Congres, (6) Fondante de 

 Thirriott, (7) Beurre Hardy, (8) Emile d'Heyst, (9) Conference, 

 (10) Louise Bonne of Jersey, (n) Magnate, (12) Marguerite Marillat, 

 {13) Fondante d'Automne, (14) Beurre Clairgeau, (15) Knight's 

 Monarch, (16) Beurre Diel, (17) Beurre Ranee, (18) Beurre d'Amanlis, 

 (19) Doyenne du Cornice, (20) Marie Louise, (21) Pitmaston Duchess, 

 (22) Thompson's, (23) Passe Crasanne, (24) Beurre Superfin, (25) Ber- 

 gamotte Esperen, (26) Josephine de Malines, (27) Winter Nelis, 

 (28) Glou Mor9eau, (29) Easter Beurre. The list begins with earlies 

 and ends with lates. Nos. 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19, 20, 24, 27, and 28 

 would make a good selection of twelve. Those who make a point of 

 flavour should procure Nos. 7, 12, 13, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, and 26. 

 Two fine stewing Pears are Catillac and Uvedale's St. Germains. 



Plum (Prunus communis). The Plum is the most important of 

 the fruits which form " stones " instead of pips, and in some dis- 

 tricts, notably Pershore, Evesham, and Maidstone, hundreds of acres 

 are grown for market. The Plum loves a strong loam. A certain 

 amount of lime in the soil benefits it, but it is not at its best 

 on shallow limestone soil, which is really not fertile enough for any 

 class of fruit tree. Three or four feet depth of good loam, with 

 limestone underneath it, will grow Plums to perfection if the site 

 is suitable. It must be remembered that in common with the other 

 stone fruits, Apricots, Cherries, Peaches, and Nectarines, the Plum 

 flowers earlier than Apples and Pears, and is liable to suffer severely 

 from frost on a low site. The remarks under Fruit as to manur- 

 ing, planting, and staking apply to Plums. They are generally 

 worked on to Brompton and Mussel stocks, although several others 

 are used for particular varieties by the trade experts. They are 

 grown as standards, half-standards, bushes, and fans, more rarely 

 .as cordons and espaliers. Pruning : After the early pruning to 

 form heads referred to under Apple and Fruit, Plums do not 

 require much pruning as standards, half-standards, and bushes, 

 because the quantity of summer shoots which they produce is much 

 smaller, as a rule, than in the case of Apples and Pears; on the 

 other hand, the quantity of fruit spurs and stubby shoots which 

 naturally develop fruit buds is much greater. Where there is a 

 good deal of summer growth, summer pruning will be beneficial. 



