170 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



This is done by taking a few shoots of the chosen variety while 

 dormant in winter, and putting them in a cool, shady place, then, 

 when the sap moves in the trees (an action which can be told by a 

 slight change in the buds), the tops are shortened to stumps, and 

 the grafts cut up into pieces about the size of a Turkish cigarette, 

 each with 4 dormant buds. The lower inch is sliced down wedge- 

 shaped, tapering to a point at the base. The stumps are now dealt 

 with : a slit the length of the wedge-shaped slice is cut in the two 

 sides, and the edges of the bark gently raised; the graft is slipped 

 in and tied securely with raphia. To further the chances of union, 



WHIP OR TONGUE GRAFTING. 



A. Scion prepared. 4. First cut. 5. Second 



cut. 6. Point of raising the tongue. 



B. Scion inserted in stock cut with a tongue 



to receive it. 



GRAFTING FRUIT TREES. 

 Whip or tongue grafting First 

 cut. See also A, B, in 

 accompanying figures. 



paint all over the cut part some melted " composition wax " candle; 

 or the following, melted together in a pot over a fire : 6 parts resin, 

 2 beeswax, i tallow. The wax will exclude the air. Some grafters 

 gain the same end by plastering a compound of cow manure, horse 

 manure, and loam in a large cone round the graft. When the grafts 

 begin to grow it is a good plan to tie flower sticks to the clumps and 

 attach the grafts to the sticks, as a safeguard against their being 

 blown out; but this is not necessary in shady places. They should 

 be in active growth within a month. The process is called " crown " 

 grafting. Where young Paradise, Crab, Quince, or other stocks are 

 being dealt with, a different system is necessary. As a rule, nursery- 

 men first bud such stocks, and the process is the same as budding 

 Roses. One bud is inserted in the stem of each stock a few inches 

 above the ground. If it remains fresh the shoot grows the follow- 

 ing spring ; but should it fail the top of the stock is taken off about 

 6 ins. from the ground and grafted. Here " whip " (" tongue ") 

 grafting is performed. A slice is made upwards in the stock, and 

 half way along the cut face a cut is made downwards. The graft is 



