Encyclopaedia of Gardening 199 



Defiance 



Improved Nonpareil 



No. i 



Imperial 



When cutting Cabbages the stem should not be removed with the 

 heart, because if left small secondary Cabbages will form on it. The 

 principal enemies of Cabbages are club-root, gall-weevil, and cater- 

 pillar. For remedies, see under Broccoli. Cabbages for pickling 

 should be sown out of doors in August and transplanted in autumn ; 

 they will then make close, firm hearts in July of the following year. 

 Early Dwarf Red is a good variety. Chou de Burghley is a hybrid 

 Cabbage of good flavour which may be sown in spring and trans- 

 planted 2 ft. apart. Couve Tronchuda, or Braganza Cabbage, is 

 grown for the thick midribs of the large leaves, which make a good 

 substitute for Seakale. Sow in spring and transplant 2 ft. apart. 

 Coleworts may be sown in late spring. The Rosette is good. 



Capsicum and Chili. These are mostly grown in gardens for their 

 ornamental fruit. The Cayenne, which has long, narrow, red fruit; 

 and the Mammoth Red Chili, which has large fruit, are the best 

 known. There are varieties with yellow, scarlet, crimson, and 

 coral fruits. The Long Red Capsicum is used in pickles. The best 

 method of culture is to sow in heat in spring, prick off, and subse- 

 quently pot singly. 



Cardoon (Cynara Cardunculus) . The Spanish Cardoon is much 

 esteemed by Continental cooks, who use the midribs of the leaf and 

 the stem in soups and stews. Except in damp soil the plants should 

 be grown in trenches like Celery. They may be raised from seed 

 sown in heat in March or out of doors in a warm border in April. 

 They should be planted 18 ins. apart and given abundance of 

 water. In August the stems may be drawn together, tied, and 

 earthed so as to exclude light and air, 

 and left for two months, when they will 

 be blanched and ready for use. 



Carrot (Daucus Carota) . Carrots 

 thrive best in sandy, friable soil, and 

 should only be put on heavy, wet land 

 when there is no other alternative. In 

 such a case it is a good plan to grow 

 them on ridges a foot high. The ground 

 should not be manured heavily, and if it 

 can be arranged for the crop to follow 

 Peas or Celery, for which the ground was 

 well done, no manure will be needed, 

 It is a good plan to draw drills 15 ins. 

 apart and to half fill them with crushed 

 oyster shell and wood ashes in mixture. 

 The seed may then be sown thinly and 

 covered with an inch of soil. From mid- 

 March to mid-April is a good time to 

 sow, choosing a period when the soil is 

 dry enough to crumble up readily. Thin early, and press the soil 

 firmly round the plants left to exclude the Carrot fly, whose grubs 

 are very destructive. A further preventive is to moisten some 



LARGE AND SMALL CARROTS. 

 A point in soil management. 

 Small root in shallow soil. 

 2. Subsoil broken up; larger 

 roots follow. 



