Encyclopaedia of Gardening 249 



be bought in separate colours, to come true. The named tufted 

 Pansies, or hybrid Violas, are not, as a rule, available from seed, 

 and are propagated by suckers like the other Pansies. These make 

 beautiful lines arid beds if planted in April in fertile soil and given 

 liquid manure and mulching. They continue to flower best if the 

 blossoms are picked frequently. Archie Grant, plum; Countess of 

 Hopetoun, white; Lark, cream, Picotee edge; Ithuriel, azure; 

 Royal Sovereign, yellow; Primrose Dame, light yellow; True Blue, 

 blue; J. B. Riding, mauve; and Wm. Neil, lavender, are a few- 

 good varieties. The Pansy is an exhibition flower of some import- 

 ance in Scotland, where two classes, Show and Fancy, are grown. 

 The latter have the largest and most richly marked flowers. Alice 

 Lister, Constance Abercromby, James McNab, Mrs. Ferguson, Mrs. 

 J. Sellars, Mrs. Wm. Sinclair, Neil M'Kay, and Robert M'Caughie 

 are beautiful varieties. 



Papaver, . Poppy (papa-ver, from papa, thick milk or juice. Ord. 

 Papaveraceae) . Few garden flowers are more familiar than the 

 brilliant if fleeting Poppies, both the annual and the perennial kinds 

 being esteemed. The Shirley Poppies, with their pretty shimmer- 

 ing flowers, are among the most charming of annuals; they origi- 

 nated from the Corn Poppy, P. Rhoeas. The double Paeony- 

 flowered Poppies came from P. somniferum, the opium Poppy, a 

 tall annual. These doubles are splendid plants, growing 2 to 3 ft. 

 high, and bearing large, brilliant flowers which last better than the 

 singles. The Iceland Poppy is P. nudicaule, a dwarf grower suit- 

 able for grouping in the rock garden ; there are orange, yellow, and 

 white forms; this plant is best treated as a biennial (see Biennials). 

 See the Botanical Magazine, t. 1633. Orientale, of which brac- 

 teatum is a good form, is the grand oriental Poppy, a perennial with 

 brilliant flowers; many named varieties are now offered by florists 

 (see the Bot. Mag., t. 57). Umbrosum, scarlet with black spots, 

 is a handsome Poppy; it may be grown either as an annual or 

 a biennial. The Poppies w r ill thrive in almost any soil. Propaga- 

 tion is by seeds, and in the case of the perennials also by division 

 and root cuttings. 



Paradisea. See Anthericum. 



Paraffin. Paraffin oil, or petroleum, is useful to the gardener as 

 an insecticide, especially when combined with soft soap to form 

 an emulsion and well diluted with water. The soap should be 

 boiled, the paraffin stirred in while the solution is hot, and the 

 whole churned up in a tub of water by means of a syringe. A 

 pound of soft soap and half a pint of paraffin suffice for 6 gallons 

 of water. Paraffin oil may be dabbed on to patches of American 

 blight in a crude state with a small brush, but it should not be 

 allowed to run on the bark. 



Paris Daisy. See Chrysanthemum frutescens (Marguerite). 



Paris Green. An arsenical compound, once much used by fruit 

 growers for spraying on to trees in spring for the purpose of poison- 

 ing caterpillars, but now discarded by many in favour of arsenate 

 paste. If used, it should not be at a greater strength than i Ib. to 



