250 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



200 gallons of water, and it must be kept well mixed, or it will 

 destroy the foliage. See Fruit enemies. 



Parnassia (parnass-ia, after Mount Parnassus. Ord. Saxifrageae) . 

 A pretty British bog plant, with white flowers in summer. See 

 Flower Garden. 



Parrot-beak Plant, Clianthus. 



Parsley. See Kitchen Garden. 



Parsley Fern, Cryptogramme crispa. 



Parsnip. See Kitchen Garden. 



Partridge Berry. See Gaultheria. 



Passiflora, Passion Flower (passiflo-ra, from passio, suffering, and 

 flos, flower, the flowers suggesting the Crucifixion. Ord. Passi- 

 floreae). Beautiful and interesting climbers, of which the best 

 known is caerulea, the Passion Flower; it bears its familiar 

 purple, blue, and white flowers in summer (see the Botanical Maga- 

 zine, t. 28). The white variety, Constance Elliott, is nearly as 

 popular as the blue. These Passifloras are so nearly hardy that 

 they may be risked outdoors except in cold, exposed places, and 

 may be used on arches and pergolas. They may be propagated by 

 cuttings of young shoots under a hand-light or by seeds sown as 

 soon as ripe in a frame or greenhouse. Of the tender Passifloras, 

 edulis, with purple and white flowers in summer, and edible fruits 

 called Granadillas, likes a hothouse; incarnata, purple, green, and 

 white, an herbaceous perennial that will thrive in the greenhouse; 

 and quadrangularis (Botanical Register, t. 14), violet, red, and white 

 flowers in autumn, followed by greenish edible fruits if the flowers 

 are impregnated by hand, likes a hothouse, are the best known. 

 They are better planted out than in pots, so long as the border is 

 not made so large and rich as to encourage luxuriance, which is 

 inimical to flowering. Equal parts of loam and peat, with sand, suit. 

 Young shoots may be struck in heat in summer if kept close. Thin 

 the growths after flowering to prevent crowding. Avoid tying the 

 shoots in stiffly. 



Paths. See Walks. 



Paulownia (paulo-wnia, after a member of the Russian dynasty. 

 Ord. Scrophularineae) . Imperialis is a handsome deciduous tree 

 from Japan, growing 3 to 4 ft. high, and with large leaves, which 

 make it suitable for bedding out. It likes a loamy soil. Propaga- 

 tion is by cuttings of young shoots in summer, inserted in sandy 

 soil under a hand-light, or in a frame. In cold districts a sheltered 

 place should be provided. 



Pea (Green). See Kitchen Garden. 



Pea, Sweet. See Sweet Pea. 



Peach. See Fruit. 



Peacock Iris, Iris Pavonia. 



Pear. See Fruit. 



Peat. Compressed and decomposed vegetable matter. There are 

 lowland and upland peats; the former are used for fuel, the latter, 



