Encyclopaedia of Gardening 259 



(Botanical Magazine, t. 3721); and spectabilis, white or pale pink 

 (Bot. Mag., t. 3950), are the two best species. Both bloom in late 

 spring or early summer. They will thrive in a warm greenhouse. 



Pimpernel. See Anagallis. 



Pinching. The stopping of shoots to encourage the production 

 of side branches and to favour the plumping up of flower buds into 

 leaf buds. 



Pine. See Pinus. 



Pinguicula, Bog Violet, Butterwort (pinguic-ula, from pinguis, 

 fat. Ord. Lentibularieae) . Insectivorous plants, flourishing in 

 boggy places; the fleshy leaves are furnished with glandular hairs, 

 and the fluid which exudes traps small insects. The hardy species 

 should be given a site near the bottom of the rockery, where the 

 conditions are cool and humid. The common hardy Bog Violet or 

 Butterwort is vulgaris, which bears violet flowers in early summer. 

 Grandiflora is also hardy. But caudata is the best, and it bears its 

 carmine flowers in autumn (see the Botanical Magazine, t. 6624). 

 It is not hardy, and should be grown in a greenhouse in a compost 

 of peat and Sphagnum moss. Propagation is by seed or division. 

 A great deal of water is needed. 



Pinnate. A pinnate leaf is one in which several leaflets grow 

 from the sides of one footstalk. 



Pinus, Pine (pi-nus, from the Greek. Ord. Coniferae). The 

 Pines are important both as timber and as garden trees. Among 

 those planted for ornamental purposes are Austriaca (Austrian 

 Pine), Cembra, excelsa, insignis, Lambertiana, monticolor, Pinaster, 

 Pinea, ponderosa, and Strobus (Weymouth Pine). Laricio, the 

 Corsican Pine, and sylvestris, the Scotch Fir or Pine, are almost 

 entirely forest trees. There are good garden varieties of some of 

 these, notably Cembra aurea and C. pumila; Laricio aureo-variegata, 

 green and yellow; L. pygmaea, a bushy form; Pinaster varie- 

 gata, ponderosa pendula, weeping; Strobus fastigiata, pyramidal; 

 S. nana, dwarf bush; sylvestris aurea, yellow in winter; and s. 

 fastigiata, pyramidal. The Scotch Fir is a good tree for planting 

 in peaty districts. Ponderosa is good for a very dry soil, and 

 Lambertiana for a bleak position. The Austrian Pine looks well in 

 a group, but must not be planted too freely, as it is rather sombre. 

 Propagation is by seed and grafting, but is almost wholly done in 

 the nurseries. 



Pipes. See Greenhouse Heating and Drainage. 

 Pipings. Young shoots used for propagating. 

 Pinks. See under Carnations. 



Piptanthus (piptan-thus, from pipto, to fall, and anthos, flower, 

 alluding to the short life of the blossoms. Ord. Leguminosae) . A 

 small genus of handsome evergreen shrubs, the most important of 

 which is Nepalensis, the evergreen Laburnum. It grows about 8 ft. 

 high, and bears its yellow flowers in spring. It is best against a 

 wall, as it is not perfectly hardy. Light, friable, well-drained 



