280 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



used for outside beds in mild districts. In cold, exposed places 

 it is best kept as a pot plant. While these two species are the 

 best of the Salvias, others must not be overlooked; azurea, blue, 

 autumn and winter bloomer, 5 to 7 ft., requires greenhouse culture; 

 Heeri, scarlet, winter, greenhouse, 3 ft., an evergreen; and involu- 

 crataBethelli, crimson, summer, 4 ft., greenhouse, also evergreen, are 

 all good. Officinalis is the common Sage (see Kitchen Garden 

 Herbs). Horminum, purple, early summer, 8 ins., is a hardy 

 annual; Blue Beard is a good variety of it. Rutilans, red, winter, 

 3 ft., greenhouse, herbaceous, is good. There are hundreds of other 

 species. Loam, with sand and a little decayed manure, suits the 

 Salvias. They may be propagated by seed or cuttings in heat 

 towards the end of winter. Those grown in pots should be repotted 

 by stages till they get to 6-in., 8-in., or even larger pots. Splendens 

 should be pinched occasionally to insure a compact habit. 



Sambucus, Elder (sambu-cus, from sambuke, a musical instrument 

 made of Elder- wood. Ord. Caprif oliaceae) . Several garden forms 

 of Sambucus are much superior to the common Elder, which is a 

 coarse, straggly plant, only interesting for a few weeks in early 

 summer, except to those who like the wine made from the flowers 

 and fruit. Nigra foliis aureis, the Golden Elder, is good. Race- 

 mosa, with white flowers in branched racemes, followed by red 

 fruit, is very ornamental. There are several pretty varieties of it, 

 notably laciniata, plumosa, p. aurea, and tenuifolia. The Elders 

 thrive in ordinary soil, and the old wood should be pruned out. 

 Propagation is by cuttings of mature shoots in late summer. 



Sand. Valuable for lightening composts and stimulating root 

 action. Silver sand is good for surfacing the soil when sowing fine 

 seeds or striking cuttings, but coarser sand, such as washed river or 

 sea sand, is better for composts, as it is coarser and keeps the soil 

 more open. 



Sanguinaria canadensis, Bloodroot, Puccoon (sanguina-ria, from 

 sanguis, blood, in allusion to the red juice. Ord. Papaveraceae) . 

 A useful herbaceous perennial, 6 ins. high, with white flowers in 

 spring, before the leaves expand (see the Botanical Magazine, t. 162). 

 Major (syn. grandiflora) is a larger-flowered form. They look well 

 in clumps at the front of the border, or in the rock garden. Sandy 

 peat should be provided. Propagation is by seeds in spring, or by 

 division in autumn. 



Santolina, Lavender Cotton (santoli-na, from sanctus, holy, and 

 linum, flax. Ord. Compositae). Scented sub-shrubs, with yellow 

 flowers. The most popular is Chamaecyparissus incana, often 

 grown simply as incana, which makes a pretty white carpet. They 

 like a light, dry soil, and are propagated by cuttings in spring or 

 autumn. 



Sanvitalia procumbens (sanvita-lia, after Sefior Sanvitali. Ord. 

 Compositae). A pretty half-hardy annual of trailing habit, with 

 yellow and purple flowers (see the Botanical Register, t. 707) ; there 

 is ? double variety. For culture, see Annuals. 



