282 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



sown in a greenhouse or frame in spring, or, if home-saved, as soon 

 as ripe ; by division, and by cuttings. Sarmentosa, the well-known 

 Mother of Thousands (see Botanical Magazine, t. 92), is propagated 

 by runners. The following are a few good Saxifrages : Of the large, 

 fleshy-leaved Megasea section, cordifolia, pink, with its varieties 

 purpurea and alba; ligulata, purple (Bot. Mag., t. 3406); and 

 Stracheyi, pink (Bot. Mag., t. 5967), may be grown. All bloom in 

 spring. Of the mossy section a few of the best are caespitosa, 

 white, summer; Camposi (Wallacei), white, spring (Bot. Mag., 

 t. 6640); decipiens, white, spring; hypnoides, white, spring; 

 muscoides, yellowish, spring, the varieties of this called atropur- 

 purea and Rhei are good; and trifurcata, white, spring, variety 

 ceratophylla is good (Bot. Mag., t. 1651). Among the beautiful 

 encrusted class will be found Aizoon, cream, red dots, early summer; 

 cochlearis, white, early summer; Cotyledon, white, spring, and its 

 splendid variety pyramidalis; crustata, white, dotted red, early 

 summer; Hostii, white, spring; and longifolia, white, dotted red, 

 early summer (Bot. Mag., t. 5889). Pretty tufted Saxifrages are 

 apiculata, yellow, spring; Boydi, yellow, spring; Burseriana, white, 

 winter, and its larger variety major; Rocheliana, white, summer; 

 sancta, yellow, late spring; and Valdensis, white, spring. Granulata, 

 the white meadow Saxifrage, and its double variety flore pleno, 

 must not be overlooked; nor must the pretty little oppositifolia, 

 purple, spring, with its varieties, of which major is one of the most 

 popular. In addition to these species and varieties there are a good 

 many hybrids, so that the lover of Saxifrages has abundant material 

 for study. 



Scabiosa, Scabious (scabio-sa, from scabies, the itch, in allusion 

 to its value in soothing that trouble. Ord. Dipsaceae). Pretty and 

 fragrant flowers, best represented in gardens by the varieties of 

 atropurpurea, an annual with dark crimson flowers in summer, 

 growing 2 to 3 ft. high (see the Botanical Magazine, t. 247). The 

 double forms of this popular plant are very handsome, and 

 seed may be bought in separate colours or mixture. It may be 

 sown out of doors in spring (see Annuals). Caucasica is a hardy 

 perennial growing about a foot high, with large pale blue flowers, 

 good for the rockery or border; there is a white variety, alba; it 

 may be raised from seed or increased by division in spring. The 

 Scabiouses will thrive in ordinary soil. 



Scale. There are many species of scales infesting various plants. 

 The females attach themselves to the bark, suck out the juices, lose 

 the power of movement, and lay eggs, which are protected by a 

 horn-like substance. Two of the worst scales attack Apples and 

 Pears. See Pear enemies under Fruit. 



Scarlet Runner (Phaseolus multifl orus) . See Kitchen Garden. 



Schizanthus, Butterfly Flower (schizan-thus, from schizo, to cut, 

 and anthos, flower, in allusion to the fringed petals. Ord. Solana- 

 ceae). Beautiful annuals, well adapted for pot culture, suitable 

 for sowing in late spring to bloom in summer, and in late summer 

 to bloom the following spring. They flower profusely, and the 



