Encyclopaedia of Gardening 305 



Tipula (Daddy-longlegs). See Daddy-longlegs. 

 Toad. A friend of the gardener, as it feeds on slugs and insects. 

 For this reason it is sometimes put into plant houses. 



Toadflax. See Linaria. 



Tobacco. See Nicotiana. 



Todea (to-dea, after Herr Tode. Ord. Filices). Filmy ferns, 

 requiring to be grown in a close case in a saturated atmosphere (see- 

 Ferns). Superba is the best. Hymenophylloides is also good. 



Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). See Kitchen Garden.. 

 Strictly, the Tomato is a fruit, but it is more often used as a veget- 

 able, and is accepted as such at shows. 



Tools and Appliances. Garden tools should always be cleaned 

 after use, and rubbed over with a greasy rag. The tool-shed should 

 be dry. An adequate set are essential to good work. The prin- 

 cipal kinds are spade, fork, rake, Dutch hoe, draw hoe, Canterbury 

 hoe, trowel, knives, secateurs, billhook, hedge shears, edging shears, 

 wheelbarrow, roller, besom, reel and line, hammer and nails, hone 

 for sharpening, shovel, syringe, lawn-mower, water-cans in sizes, 

 dibber, water-barrow, hose, thermometer. 



Top-dressing. A substitute for repotting. Two inches of the- 

 top soil is removed from the contents of a flower-pot, and fresh 

 compost applied. 



Topiary. The pruning of trees and shrubs into fanciful or formal 

 shapes. It is an old practice which has enjoyed a revival in recent 

 years, but is not to be recommended for general adoption. Yew, 

 Box, and Holly are the principal subjects. 



Torch Lily. See Kniphona. 



Torch Thistle. See Cactus Cereus. 



Torenia (tore-nia, after the Rev. A. Toren. Ord. Scrophulari- 

 neae). Pretty hothouse herbaceous perennials, suitable for pots 

 and hanging baskets. Asiatica, purple, summer, i ft.; flava (syn. 

 Bailloni), yellow, dark throat, summer, i ft. (Botanical Magazine, 

 t. 6700); and Fournieri, purple, blue, and yellow, summer, i ft., 

 are the most popular species; there is a variety of the latter called 

 compacta. Loam and peat in equal parts, with sand, suit. Propa- 

 gation is by seeds in a warm house or frame in spring, or by cuttings. 



Town Gardening. The remarks made under Suburban Gardening 

 apply to town gardening, with greater emphasis in the case of certain 

 plants, such as Roses. But much depends upon the town. There 

 are many fairly large towns, free from factories, where the air is 

 pure enough to suit the great majority of plants, including Roses; 

 there are numerous others, small and large, where the air is too- 

 smoky or too charged with acid to grow plants of delicate constitu- 

 tion. The town gardener, battling with unfavourable conditions, 

 is wise to concentrate on a few kinds with which he has good prospects, 

 of succeeding. The Chrysanthemum is a notable case. It will 

 thrive under conditions that would be fatal to Roses, and is a beauti- 



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