308 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



Newry Giant, and Flore pleno are forms of europaeus. They will 

 grow in most soils, but like a moist clayey or boggy mould. Propa- 

 gation is by division in autumn. 



Tropaeolum, Indian Cress, Garden Nasturtium (tropae-olum, 

 from tropaion, a trophy. Ord. Geraniaceae) . We saw under 

 Nasturtium that that generic name belongs to the Water Cress, 

 and that the garden Nasturtiums are really Tropaeolums. The 

 genus is a large one, and includes both hardy and tender, 

 annual and perennial species. Aduncum (Botanical Register, t. 

 718 syns. canariense and peregrinum) is the Canary Creeper, 

 a nearly hardy annual raised from seed in a greenhouse or frame 

 in spring. Azureum (Botanical Magazine, t. 3985) is a green- 

 house perennial, blue, autumn bloomer; grandiflorum is a large 

 variety. Jarrattii is also a greenhouse perennial, with orange 

 flowers. Lobbianum (Bot. Mag., t. 4097) is a scarlet greenhouse 

 annual; there are many varieties. Majus and minus are the tall 

 and dwarf hardy annual Nasturtiums (see Annuals). Polyphyllum 

 (Bot. Mag., t. 4042) is a prostrate hardy perennial with yellow 

 flowers; it likes a sunny spot in the rockery. Speciosum (Bot. 

 Mag., t. 4323) is the beautiful Flame Nasturtium, a hardy peren- 

 nial, which thrives in Scotland and other moist climates. Tri- 

 colorum is a hardy perennial with scarlet and orange flowers. The 

 tuberous-rooted species should be lifted and stored in autumn; 

 they may be propagated by division. The annuals are raised from 

 seed in spring. All thrive in friable loam. 



Trowel. A useful transplanting tool, with which plants can be 

 shifted without shaking the soil from the roots. 



Truffles. An edible fungus, growing beneath the surface of the 

 soil, often in the shade of Beech trees, and found with the aid of 

 small trained dogs. 



Trumpet Flower. See Bignonia. 



Truss. An umbel of flowers, each flower stem springing from a 

 common centre. 



Tsuga (tsu-ga, the Japanese name. Ord. Coniferae). Hardy 

 evergreens. Canadensis (syns. Abies, Picea, and Pinus canadensis) 

 is the Hemlock Spruce; there are many garden varieties, of which 

 a few of the best are albo-spica, white-tipped; gracilis, drooping; 

 and nana, dwarf. Hookeriana, Mertensiana (syns. Abies Albertiana 

 and A. Mertensiana), and Pattoniana, the Californian Hemlock 

 Spruce, are also popular kinds. The culture is the same as for 

 Pines. See Pinus. 



Tuber. An underground stem containing buds, e.g., the Potato. 

 Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa). See Bulbs. 



Tulip, Tulipa (tu-lipa, from thoulyban, a turban. Ord. Liliaceae). 

 See Bulbs. 



Tulip, Butterfly. See Bulbs Calochortus lilacinus. 

 Tulip Tree, Liriodendron tulipifera. 



