3 1 6 Encyclopaedia of Gardening 



or flint bound with clinkers, and surfaced with 2 ins. of gravel. 

 If on a slope it is well to coat the sides with hot tar to take 

 the water, and set trapped take-away drains at every 10 ft. to 

 carry the water down to 3 -in. tile drains laid in the bed. The 

 edges should be on the same level, and pegs should be driven in to 

 get the proper level to the centre, which may be 3 ins. higher in a 

 6-ft. path, and half an inch more or less for every foot wider or 

 narrower. The width must, of course, vary with the traffic. If 

 the walk has to carry heavy vehicles more care should be taken 

 with the foundation. The gravel should be rolled after rain, and 

 should be watered once or twice a year with weed-killer. Leaves 

 should be regularly swept up in autumn. Grass paths should be 

 provided wherever possible, especially among flower beds and the 

 principal herbaceous borders. See Flower Garden. 



Wall Cress, Arabis. 



Wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri. Ord. Cruciferae). An invalu- 

 able hardy plant, best treated as a biennial, flowering profusely in 

 spring from seed sown out of doors the previous June, rich in colour, 

 and deliciously scented. It will thrive in most soils, and never does 

 better than on limestone, which it loves; it will grow on banks and 

 walls. It is not quite happy, however, in town gardens. The seed 

 should be sown thinly in late spring, the plants thinned, and put 

 out 9 ins. apart during showery weather in summer; they can then 

 be left without anxiety until the autumn, when places can be found 

 for them in beds and borders. A patch should be planted near the 

 house, so that the perfume can be fully enjoyed; the soil should be 

 dug, but not manured, or the plants will get too gross. They should 

 be lifted with balls of soil about the roots. The single Wallflowers 

 are hardier than the doubles. Blood-red, yellow, old gold, brown, 

 purple, apricot, and ruby can be bought in separate colours. The 

 Annual Wallflower blooms the same year if sown in early spring. 

 Old Castle, yellow, is good for walls. 



Wall Pennywort, Cotyledon Umbilicus. 



Wall Pepper, Sedum acre. 



Wall Rue, Asplenium Ruta-muraria. 



Walls. It has been pointed out (see Fences) that a wall is the 

 best enclosing line for a garden, but likewise the most expensive. 

 The advantages of a wall will outweigh the drawback of extra cost 

 where it is desired to have a support for glass houses or trees, and 

 to form sheltered borders. In large places it is common to find 

 the place protected with an outside fence, and an inner wall built to 

 make an enclosure for glass, fruit, and vegetables. If the wall has 

 to support large houses it must be at least 10 ft. high and well but- 

 tressed, but it is not necessary to maintain the full height all round. 

 A 6-ft. wall is very useful. Borders from 10 to 20 ft. wide should 

 be made along the wall, and those on the south and west aspects 

 will be useful for early crops. A brick wall with a coping looks well. 

 Finials over the gate pillars give a neat appearance. Builders are 

 always ready to give estimates for erecting walls. Flat-trained 

 trees may be planted to cover the faces. Wall gardening now 

 ^engages the attention of many flower lovers; in some cases such 



