Encyclopaedia of Gardening 321 



of mauve flowers in early summer. Chinensis (syns. sinensis and 

 Glycine sinensis Botanical Magazine, t. 2083) is much the most 

 popular species ; alba is a white, flore pleno a double, and variegata 

 a variegated-leaved form of it. Multijuga (syn. grandiflora) is a 

 handsome species with long lilac racemes. They like a well-drained 

 loamy soil. Propagation is by layering the young shoots. Old 

 plants may be spurred to the ripe wood like Grape Vines. 



Witch Elm, Ulmus glabra and montana. 

 Witch Hazel, Hamamelis. 



Witches' Brooms (Witch Knots). These are bundles of twig-like 

 growths, seen on Birches, Beeches, Silver Firs, and other trees, and 

 due to fungi. They should be cut out and burned. 



Witloef or Witloof. See Kitchen Garden and Chicory. 

 Woad, Dyer's, Isatis tinctoria. 

 Wolf Berry, Symphoricarpus occidentalis. 

 Wolf's-bane, Aconitum. 



Wood Ashes. Containing potash and phosphoric acid, the ash 

 from garden fires is excellent in the garden, particularly for Peas and 

 Potatoes. It is good for spreading in the drills when sowing Carrots 

 and for dusting over young Turnips to keep down the fly. If spread 

 over heaps of manure or mixed with urine it fixes ammonia. 



Woodbine. See Honeysuckle and Lonicera. 



Wood Laurel, Daphne Laureola. 



Wood Lily, Trillium grandiflorum. 



Woodruff, Asperula. 



Wood Sorrel, Oxalis Acetosella. 



Wood Violet, Viola sylvatica. 



Woodwardia (woodward-ia, after T. J. Woodward. Ord. Filices). 

 Vigorous ferns, best grown in a cool house, but safe out of doors 

 in mild districts. The most popular species is radicans, which does 

 well in baskets, where its long, arching fronds show to advantage. 

 Brownii (syn. cristata) is a crested variety of it. Japonica is a good 

 species, with broad fronds. Areolata (syn. angustifolia) is also fine. 

 Equal parts of peat and loam, with sand, suit. Propagation is by 

 spores (see Ferns) and division. 



Woody Nightshade, Solanum Dulcamara. 

 Woolly Aphis. See American Blight under Fruit. 



Worms. Darwin has taught us that worms are beneficial to 

 gardeners through the vast system of soil-aeration which they con- 

 duct. No one, therefore, should object to their presence in the 

 garden. They are out of place in flower-pots, and do harm by 

 clogging the drainage. Compost should be passed through the 

 fingers in potting so that small worms may be picked out. When 

 pot plants are stood in frames or in the garden, a thick layer of 

 cinders should intervene between the bottom of the pots and the 



