GENUS 9. 



PINK FAMILY. 



4. Dianthus barbatus L. Sweet William. Bunch or 

 French Pink. Fig. 1833. 



Dianthus barbatus L. Sp. PI. 409. 1753. 



Perennial, tufted, glabrous, stems erect, rather stout, i-2 

 high, branching above or sometimes unbranched. Leaves 

 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1^-3' long, 4"-g" wide, acute 

 or the basal ones oblong or obovate; bracts linear-filiform, 

 about equalling the long-toothed calyx; flowers pink or 

 whitish, in large terminal clusters. 



In waste places, escaped from gardens, occasional in the East- 

 ern and Middle States. Introduced from Europe. Snow-flake. 

 London-tuft or -pride. Sweet-Johns. Bloomy-down. Summer. 



Family 25. CERATOPHYLLACEAE A. Gray, 



Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4: 41. 1837. 



HORNWORT FAMILY. 



Submerged aquatics, with slender widely branching stems, and verticillate 

 leaves, the monoecious or dioecious flowers solitary and sessile in the axils. Invo- 

 lucre many-parted, the segments entire or toothed. Perianth none. Stamens 

 numerous, crowded on a flat or convex receptacle; anthers sessile or nearly so, 

 linear-oblong, extrorse, the connective prolonged into a thick appendage beyond 

 the sacs. Pistillate flowers with a superior i-celled ovary; ovule~ I, orthotropous, 

 pendulous; style filiform, stigmatic at the summit. Fruit an indehiscent nut or 

 achene. Endosperm none ; embryo composed of 4 verticillate oval cotyledons, 

 with a short hypocotyl and a plumule of several nodes and leaves. 



The family contains only the following genus. 



i. CERATOPHYLLUM L. Sp. PI. 992. 1753. 



Leaves crowded in verticils, linear or filiform, spinulose-serrulate, forked. Sterile flowers 

 with 10-20 stamens, the anthers about as long as the involucre. Fertile and sterile flowers 

 generally at different nodes, but sometimes in opposite axils at the same node. Ovary and 

 fruit somewhat longer than the involucre, the fruit beaked with the long persistent style. 



One or possibly two species, widely distributed 

 in fresh water, the following typical. 



i. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Horn- 

 wort. Hornweed. Fig. 1834. 



Ceratophyllum demersum L. Sp. PI. 992. 1753. 



Stem 2-8 long, according to the depth of 

 water. Leaves in verticils of 5's-i2's, linear, 

 2-3 times forked, the ends of the segments capil- 

 lary and rigid, 4"-i2" long; ripe fruit oval, 2"- 

 3" long with a straight or curved spine-like beak 

 2 "_4" long, smooth and spurless or with a long 

 basal spur on each side, or tuberculate and with 

 narrowly winged spiny margins or broadly winged 

 without spines. 



In ponds and streams, throughout North America 

 except the extreme north. Cuba. Several species 

 and varieties have been proposed, based on the spurs, 

 spines or wings of the fruit, but none of them seem 

 to be more than races. Morass-weed. June-July. 



Family 26. CABOMBACEAE A. Gray, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4: 46. 1837. 



WATER-SHIELD FAMILY. 



Aquatic perennial herbs, with rootstocks, mucilage-coated stems, floating or 

 immersed leaves, and solitary axillary flowers. Sepals 3, rarely 4. Petals 3, 

 rarely 4. Stamens 3-18; anthers extrorse, the connective continuous with the fila- 

 ment. Carpels 2-18, distinct. Stigmas sessile or nearly so; ovules 2 or 3, ortho- 

 tropous. Fruits indehiscent, coriaceous, separate. Seeds 1-3, borne on the dorsal 

 suture ; embryo at the base of fleshy endosperm ; cotyledons fleshy ; hypocotyl very 

 -short. 



Two genera and about 5 species, widely distributed in fresh-water lakes and streams. 



