CALYCANTHACEAE. 



VOL. II. 



Family 34. CALYCANTHACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 159. 1836. 



STRAWBERRY-SHRUB FAMILY. 



Shrubs, with aromatic bark, opposite entire short-petioled leaves, no stipules, 

 and solitary large flowers on lateral leafy branches. Sepals and petals similar, 

 imbricated in many series. Stamens oo, inserted on the receptacle, the inner 

 sterile, short; anthers extrorse innate. Pistils oo, nearly enclosed in the hollow 

 receptacle; ovary i-celled; ovules I or 2, anatropous, style filiform. Fruit acces- 

 sory, consisting of the enlarged ovoid oblong or pyriform receptacle, to which 

 the bases of petals, sepals and bracts are adnate, enclosing few to many smooth 

 shining achenes. Seed erect ; endosperm none ; cotyledons foliaceous, convolute. 



A family of 2 genera and about 6 species, natives of North America and eastern Asia, perhaps 

 of closer affinity with the Rosaceae than where here inserted. 



i. CALYCANTHUS L. Syst. Ed. 10, 1066. 1759. 

 [BUTNERIA Duham. Trait. Arb. i: 113. pi. 45. Hyponym. 1755.] 



Stamens inserted in several rows. Flowers purple or red. Otherwise as in the family. 

 [Greek, cup-flower.] 



The genus comprises 4 species, one additional to those here described occurring on the Pacific 

 Coast, and one in Alabama. Chimonanthus Lindl. of Japan and China comprises 2 species with 

 yellow flowers smaller than those of Calycanthus. The species are called sweet-scented shrub and 

 Carolina allspice. Type species: Calycanthus floridus L. 



Leaves pubescent beneath; flowers fragrant. i. C. floridus. 



Leaves green, often glaucous beneath, smooth or rough above; flowers not fragrant. 2. C. fertilis. 



i. Calycanthus floridus L. Hairy Strawberry- 

 shrub. Fig. 1965. 



Calycanthus floridus L. Syst. Ed. 10, 1066. 1759. 

 Buettneria florida Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 175. 

 1894. 



A branching shrub, 2-g high, the branchlets and 

 petioles pubescent. Leaves ovate or oval, acute or 

 obtuse, narrowed at the base, soft-downy or pubes- 

 cent beneath, rough above ; flowers dark purple, 

 about i' broad, with a strong odor of strawberries 

 when crushed ; sepals and petals linear or oblong, 

 pubescent, acutish or blunt, 6"-io" long; fruit obo- 

 void or oblong; seeds about 5" long. 



In rich soil, Virginia and North Carolina to Florida, 

 Alabama and Mississippi. Freely planted for ornament. 

 Spice-bush. Sweet shrub. Sweet bubby or betties. 

 Strawberry-bush. April-Aug. 



2. Calycanthus fertilis Walt. Smooth 

 Strawberry-shrub. Fig. 1966. 



Calycanthus fertilis Walt. Fl. Car. 151. 1788. 

 Calycanthus laevigatus Willd. Enum. 559. 1809. 

 Calycanthus glaucus Willd. Enum. 559. 1809. 

 Buettneria fertilis Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club 21 : 175. 

 1894. 



A branching shrub, 4-g high, the branchlets 

 and petioles glabrous or nearly so. Leaves ovate, 

 ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or 

 acuminate, rough and dark green above, glau- 

 cous and sometimes slightly pubescent beneath 

 or bright green and smooth on both sides ; sepals 

 and petals linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, 15" 

 long or less ; flowers greenish-purple, inodorous 

 or nearly so. 



In rich woods, Pennsylvania to North Carolina, 

 east Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama, along the 

 mountains. M'arch-Aug. Occasional in cultivation. 

 Fruit reputed to be poisonous to sheep. Bubby-bush. 

 Sweet shrub. 



