GENUS 10. 



ROSE FAMILY. 



259 



10. DUCHESNEA J. E. Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 372. 1811. 



Perennial herbs, with trailing branches often rooting at the nodes (leafy runners), 

 3-foliolate long-petioled leaves and axillary slender-peduncled yellow perfect flowers. Calyx 

 5-parted, 5-bracteolate, the bractlets larger than the calyx-segments and alternating with 

 them, dentate or incised, often regarded like those in Fragaria and Potentilla as an exterior 

 calyx. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens numerous. Pistils numerous, borne on a hemispheric 

 receptacle which greatly enlarges but does not become pulpy in fruit. Achenes superficial on 

 the receptacle. [In honor of A. N. Duchesne, French botanist.] 



Two species, natives of southern Asia, the following typical. 



i. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke. Mock or Indian Strawberry. Fig. 2251. 



Fragaria indica Andr. Bot. Rep. pi. 479. 1807. 



D. indica Focke, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3 3 : 33. 1888. 



Silky-pubescent, tufted and forming leafy runners, dark 

 green. Leaflets obovate or broadly oval, rather thin, 

 crenate or dentate, obtuse at the apex, rounded or nar- 

 rowed at the base, the terminal one generally cuneate ; 

 peduncles equalling or longer than the leaves; flowers 6"- 

 12" broad ; bractlets of the calyx dentate or incised, ex- 

 ceeding the ovate or lanceolate acuminate spreading calyx- 

 lobes ; fruit red, ovoid or globose, insipid. 



In waste places, southern New York and Pennsylvania to 

 Florida and Missouri. Also in California, Bermuda and 

 Jamaica. Naturalized or adventive from India. April-July. 



ii. FRAGARIA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PL 494. 1753. 



Perennial acaulescent herbs propagating by runners, 

 with alternate basal tufted petioled 3-foliolate leaves, and 

 sheathing membranous stipules. Flowers white, corymbose 

 or racemose on erect naked scapes, polygamo-dioecious, 

 the pedicels often recurved. Calyx persistent, its tube 

 obconic or turbinate, 5-bracteolate, deeply 5-lobed. Petals 5, obovate, short-clawed. Stamens 

 o; filaments slender. Carpels oo, inserted on a glabrous convex or elongated receptacle, 

 which becomes fleshy or pulpy in fruit; style lateral. Achenes o, minute, dry, crustaceous. 

 Seed ascending. [Latin, fragum, strawberry, fragrance.] 



About 35 species, natives of the north temperate zone and the Andes of South America. Besides 

 the following, some 15 others occur in western North America. Type species: Fragaria vesca L. 



Achenes imbedded in pits on the fruit ; fruiting scape shorter than the leaves. 



Leaflets oblong or narrowly obovate ; fruit oblong-conic. i. F. canadensis. 

 Leaflets broadly oval or obovate ; fruit globose or ovoid. 



Pedicels with long spreading hairs. 2. F. Grayana. 



Pedicels appressed-pubescent. 3. F. virginiana. 

 Achenes borne on the surface of the fruit ; fruiting scape as long as or exceeding the leaves. 



Stout ; leaflets thickish ; fruit ovoid or ovoid-conic. 4. F- vesca. 



Slender ; leaflets thin ; fruit elongated-conic. 5. F. americana. 



i. Fragaria canadensis Michx. Northern 

 Wild Strawberry. Fig. 2254. 



Fragaria canadensis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 299. 1803. 



Petioles slender, loosely villous, 4'-?' high. Leaf- 

 lets oblong or the middle one narrowly cuneate- 

 obovate, obtuse, rather few-toothed, g"-2' Jong, 5" 

 10" wide, glabrous or nearly so above even when 

 young, more or less appressed-pubescent beneath ; 

 scapes pubescent with appressed hairs ; scape some- 

 what snorter than the leaves ; flowers few, slender- 

 pedicelled, 7" -9" broad; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acu- 

 minate; fruit oblong, or oblong-conic, s"-6" long; 

 achenes sunken in pits. 



In fields and' meadows, Newfoundland to Mackenzie, 

 New York and Michigan. Mountain-strawberry. May- 

 July. 



Fragaria multicipita Fernald, from gravelly beaches 

 in Gaspe County, Quebec, differs in being appressed- 

 pubescent and having subglobose fruit. 



