GENUS i. 



VIOLET FAMILY. 



563 



48. Viola tricolor L. Pansy. Lady's- 

 delight. Heartsease. Fig. 2970. 



Viola tricolor L. Sp. PI. 935. 1753. 



Glabrous or pubescent, 4'-i2 r high; stem 

 angled and often branched ; upper leaves oval 

 or lanceolate, i'-i' long, the lower ovate, often 

 cordate, all crenate-serrate ; stipules f oliaceous, 

 laciniate or lyrate-pinnatifid; flowers 8"-i' 

 broad, variously colored with yellow, purple or 

 white. 



In waste places, sparingly escaped from gar- 

 dens. May-July. Introduced from Europe. Eng- 

 lish names from 40 to 50, among which are 

 johnny jump-up or johnny jumper, monkey's face, 

 love-in-idleness, fancy, biddy's eyes, herb trinity, 

 cats' faces, flamy, garden gate. Garden- or trinity- 

 violet. Kisses. Kiss-me. Hearts'-pansy. Battle- 

 field flower. Stepmother. Cupid's-delight. None- 

 so-pretty. Usually more or less impure, the gar- 

 den pansy being the product of frequent crosses 

 of Viola tricolor with allied species of the Old 

 World. 



49. Viola arvensis Murray. Euro- 

 pean Field Pansy. Fig. 2971. 



Viola arvensis Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Goett. 73. 

 1770. 



Similar to V. Rafinesquii but stouter, 

 often io'-i3' high, erect, or branching and 

 decumbent ; leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, 

 noticeably crenate ; stipules more coarsely 

 pectinate, the upper lobe usually much en- 

 larged, oblanceolate and sparsely crenate ; 

 petals usually shorter than the lanceolate 

 acute sepals, pale yellow, sometimes the 

 upper with violet tips, and the spurred petal 

 deep yellow at the base ; capsule globose ; 

 seeds brown, narrowly obovoid, about I' 

 long. 



Cultivated fields, naturalized from Europe, 

 Newfoundland and Ontario, south, occasion- 

 ally, to North Carolina. April-Oct. 



2. CUBELIUM Raf. Cat. Bot. Card. Trans. 13. 1824. 

 [SOLEA Spreng. PI. Min. Cog. Pug. i : 22, 1813. Not Spreng. 1800.] 



Erect perennial leafy herbs, with entire sparingly toothed or undulate leaves, and small 

 greenish white axillary flowers. Sepals 5, linear, equal, not prolonged at the base. Petals 

 nearly equal, erect, imbricate, the lower one cordate, broader than the others, which are 

 nearly alike in shape. Stamens 5, syngenesious, the sheath with a 2-lobed gland at the 

 base ; anthers almost sessile. Ovules 3 or 4 on each placenta ; style hooked at the apex. 

 Capsules slightly lobed, 3-valved, the valves infolded after dehiscence. Seeds obovoid- 

 globose; embryo nearly the length of the endosperm. [Greek, from Cybele.] 



A monotypic genus of eastern North America. 



