57 



CACTACEAE. 



VOL. II. 



i. Pediocactus Simpson! (Engelm.) Brit- 

 ton & Rose. Simpson's Cactus. Hedge- 

 hog-thistle. Fig. 2983. 



Echinocactus Simpsoni Engelm. Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. 2 : 197. 1863. 



Stems single, globose or with a narrowed base, 

 3'-6' high, 3'-4' in diameter. Tubercles ovoid, 

 somewhat 4-sided at base, 6"-8" long, arranged 

 in spirals; central spines yellowish below, nearly 

 black above, &"-?" long, the exterior ones slightly 

 shorter, whitish ; flowers greenish pink, 8"-io" 

 long and about as broad, borne to one side at the 

 ends of the tubercles; petals oblong, crenulate 

 and cuspidate at the apex ; berry dry, 3"-3i" in 

 diameter, bearing near its summit 2-3 scales 

 which sometimes have short spines in their axils. 



Kansas (according to B. B. Smyth) ; Colorado to 

 Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico and Nevada. April- 

 May. 



3. CORYPHANTHA [Engelm.] Lemaire, Cact. 32. 1808. 



Stems solitary or clustered, globose or ovoid, tubercled. Tubercles conic or cylindric, 

 grooved, at least in many species, woolly and with clusters of spines at the apex. Leaves 

 none. Flowers borne from areolae at the bases of the tubercles. Calyx-tube campanulate or 

 funnel-form, produced beyond the ovary, which is often hidden between the tubercles. Petals 

 in several rows. Ovary smooth, ovoid ; style filiform. Berry ovoid or club-shaped, emersed, 

 sometimes crowned by the withering corolla. [Greek, summit-flowering, the flowers being 

 produced near the top.] 



Perhaps 100 species, natives of warm and tropical America. Besides the following, many 

 others occur in the southwestern States. The generic name Cactus used for these plants in our 

 first edition belongs to the Turk's-head Cacti of tropical America. Type species : Mamillaria 

 sulcata Engelm. 



Flowers yellow or reddish ; central spine i ; berry scarlet, globose. i. C. missouriensis. 



Flowers purple ; central spines several ; berry green, ovoid. 2. C. vivipara. 



i. Coryphanlha missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose. Missouri or Nipple 



Cactus. Fig. 2984. 



Cactus mamillaris Nutt. Gen. i : 295. 1818. Not L. 

 1753. 



Mamillaria missouriensis Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171. 1827. 

 M. Nitttallii Engelm. Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 49. 1849. 

 Cactus missouriensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 259. 1891. 



Stems mostly single, globose, i'-2' high. Tu- 

 bercles 6"-8" long, arranged in about 8 spiral 

 rows, slightly grooved ; spines gray, 10-20 to- 

 gether, the stouter central one 5"-6" long, or 

 wanting; flowers yellow, or reddish, about i' long 

 and 'about the same breadth when expanded; 

 petals 2"-3" wide, acute, abruptly mucronate; 

 stigmas 2-5, very short, erect; berry globose, 

 scarlet, 3"-4" in diameter, ripening the following 

 spring; seeds black, globose, pitted, about $" in 

 diameter. 



Plains and dry soil, North Dakota to Kansas and 

 Texas, west to Colorado. Pelots. May. 



