GENUS 2. GINSENG FAMILY. 



2. Panax trifolium L. Dwarf Ginseng or Ground- 

 nut. Fig. 3094. 



Panax trifolium L. Sp. PI. 1059. 1753. 

 Ginseng trifolium Wood, Bot. & Flor. 142. 1873. 



Glabrous, 3 '-8' high. Root globose, deep, about i' in diam- 

 eter, pungent to the taste; petioles \'-2.' long; leaflets 3-5, 

 oval to oblanceolate, sessile, obtuse, usually narrowed at the 

 base, i'-ii' long, 3"-8" wide, dentate or serrate; peduncles 

 l' 2a long; pedicels i"-ii" long in fruit; flowers white, often 

 monoecious, about i" broad; styles usually 3; fruit mostly 

 3-angled (or when with 2 styles, didymous), yellow, about 

 2" broad. 



In moist woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to Georgia, west to 

 Ontario, Wisconsin and Iowa. April-June. 



3. ECHINOPANAX Decne. & PI. Rev. Hort. 



IV. 3: 105. 1854. 

 [RiciNOPHYLLUM Pall.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 375. Hyponym. 



1844.] 



A densely prickly shrub, with palmately lobed leaves and racemed or panicled umbels 

 of small greenish-white flowers. Calyx-teeth obsolete; petals 5, valvate; stamens 5; filaments 

 filiform; anthers oblong or ovate; ovary 2-3-celled; styles 2; stigma terminal. Fruit laterally 

 compressed, of 2 carpels. [Greek, prickly Panax.] 



A monotypic genus of northwestern North America and northeastern Asia. 



i. Echinopanax horridum (J. E. Smith) Decne. 

 & Planch. Devil's Club. Fig. 3095. 



Panax horridum J. E. Smith, in Rees' Cyclop. 26: no. 10. 



1819. 

 E. horridum Decne. & Planch. ; Cooper, Pac. R. R. Rep. 12 : 



31. 1860. 

 Oplopanax horridum Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i : 116. 



1863. 

 Fatsia horrida B. & H,; S. Wats. Bot. Cal. i: 273. 1876. 



Stems erect from a decumbent base, up to 13 high, 

 densely prickly, leafy above ; leaves nearly orbicular in 

 , outline, 6'-2 broad, cordate at the base with a rather 

 narrow sinus, 3-n-lobed, with scattered prickles on 

 both sides and puberulent beneath, the lobes acute, 

 sharply irregularly serrate; inflorescence wooly, ter- 

 minal, 4/-I2' long; peduncles subtended by a narrow 

 laciniate bract; pedicels filiform; stamens about twice 

 as long as the ovate petals; fruit 2"-2&" long, scarlet. 



In rocky places, Isle Royale, Lake Superior ; Montana to 

 Oregon and Alaska ; also in Japan. June. 



Family 102. AMMIACEAE Presl, Delic. Prag. 



i. 1822.* 

 CARROT FAMILY. 



Herbs, with alternate decompound, compound or sometimes simple leaves, 

 the petioles often dilated at the base, the stems often hollow. Stipules none, or 

 rarely present and minute. Flowers small, white, yellow, greenish, blue or purple, 

 generally in compound or simple umbels, rarely in heads or capitate clusters, often 

 polygamous. Umbels and umbellets commonly involucrate or involucellate. Calyx- 

 tube wholly adnate to the ovary, its margin truncate or 5-toothed, the teeth seldom 

 conspicuous. Petals 5, inserted on the margin of the calyx, usually with an 

 inflexed tip, often emarginate or 2-lobed, those of the outer flowers sometimes 

 larger than those of the inner. Stamens 5, inserted on the epigynous disk; fila- 

 ments filiform; anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2, filiform, 

 distinct, straight or recurved after flowering, persistent, often borne on a conic 

 or depressed stylopodium ; ovules I in each cavity, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit 

 dry, composed of 2 carpels (mericarps), which generally separate from each other 



* Text prepared with the assistance of Dr. J. N. ROSE. 



