GENUS 4. 



INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY. 



675 



filiform ; anthers horizontal, the 2 sacs becoming confluent, opening by 2 unequal valves, 

 the larger valve spreading or reflexed, the smaller erect. Disk confluent with the base of the 

 ovary, 8-io-toothed. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style slender ; stigma f unnelf orm, sometimes glandu- 

 lar-ciliate. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3-s-valved, erect. [Greek, referring to its growth under firs.] 

 A genus of about 6 species of the north temperate zone. Type species : Monotropa Hypopitys L. 



Stigma not retrorsely bearded ; sepals and petals short-ciliate. i. H. americana, 



Stigma retrorsely bearded ; sepals and petals long-ciliate. 2. H. lanuginosa. 



i. Hypopitys americana (DC.) Small. Pine-sap. 

 False Beech-Drops. Fig. 3211. 



Hypopitys multiflora americana DC. Prodr. j 2 : 780. 1839. 

 Hypopitys americana Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 880. 1903. 



Plants lemon-yellow, or sometimes pink, finely pubescent. 

 Stems 4'-i2' tall; scales crowded at base of the stem, 2"-6" 

 long, the upper ones sometimes irregularly toothed ; flowers 

 several ; sepals spatulate to oblanceolate, 3i"~5" long, often 

 irregularly toothed, ciliate with very short hairs ; petals mainly 

 cuneate, 9"-i3" long, sparingly pubescent, and ciliate like the 

 sepals ; style sparingly pubescent ; stigma not retrorsely 

 bearded ; capsule oval or oblong-oval, 3i"-s" long. 



In woods, Ontario and New York, and southward in or near the 

 Alleghenies to North Carolina. Yellow-bird's-nest. Fir-rope. 

 July-Aug. 



2. Hypopitys lanuginosa (Michx.) Nutt. Hairy 

 Pine-sap. Fig. 3212. 



Monotropa lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 266. 1803. 

 Hypopitys lanuginosa Nutt. Gen. i : 271. 1818. 



Plants tawny and crimson, or sometimes pale, markedly 

 or copiously pubescent. Stems 2'-i4' tall; scales 2i"-3i" 

 long; flowers few; sepals cuneate, oblanceolate or narrowly 

 elliptic-spatulate, 3"~4i" long, acute or acuminate, ciliate 

 with relatively long hairs; petals cuneate to almost oblong, 

 5"-5i" long, markedly pubescent without, ciliate like the 

 sepals 1 ; style copiously pubescent ; stigma retrorsely bearded ; 

 capsule globular, 2"-2" long. 



In woods, Newfoundland and Quebec to Nova Scotia, On- 

 tario and Indiana, and southward, especially in and near the 

 mountains, to South Carolina and Tennessee, and to Florida. 

 June-Aug. This species and the preceding one were included 

 in H. Hypopitys, an Old World species, in our first edition. 



Family 4. ERICACEAE DC. Fl. Franc. 3 : 675. 1805. 

 HEATH FAMILY. 



Shrubs, perennial herbs, or trees, with simple exstipulate leaves, and mostly 

 perfect, gamopetalous or polypetalous flowers. Calyx inferior, free from the 

 ovary, 4-5-parted or 4-5-cleft, mostly persistent. Corolla regular, or rarely 

 somewhat 2-lipped and irregular, usually 4~5-toothed, -lobed or -parted. Sta- 

 mens hypogynous, usually as many or twice as many as the corolla-lobes, teeth 

 or petals ; filaments mostly separate ; anthers 2-celled, attached to the filaments 

 by the back or base, the sacs often prolonged upwardly into tubes, dehiscent by 

 terminal pores or chinks, or longitudinally, often awned. Disk crenate, lobed, 



