GENUS 7. 



GENTIAN FAMILY 



i. Frasera carolinensis Walt. American 

 Columbo. Fig. 3364. 



Frasera carolinensis Walt. Fl. Car. 8/. 1788. 



Stem 3-/ high, stout. Leaves mostly verti- 

 cillate in 4's, those of the stem lanceolate or 

 oblong, acute or acutish, 3'-6' long, the basal ones 

 spatulate or oblanceolate, usually much larger, 

 the uppermost small and bract-like; inflorescence 

 thyrsoid-paniculate, large, often 2 long; flowers 

 slender-pedicelled, about i' broad; corolla yel- 

 lowish white with brown-purple dots, its lobes 

 broadly oblong, bearing a large circular long- 

 fringed gland at or below the middle ; style 2"-3" 

 long; stigma 2-lobed; capsule much compressed, 

 6"-8" high, longer than the calyx. 



In dry soil, western New York and Ontario to 

 Wisconsin, south to Georgia and Tennessee. Yellow 

 gentian. Pyramid-flower or -plant. June-Aug. 



8. HALENIA Borck. in Roem. Archiv i : 25. . 1796. 

 [TETRAGONANTHUS S. G. Gmel. Fl. Sib. 4: 114. Hyponym. 1769.] 



Annual or perennial usually tufted glabrous herbs, with opposite leaves, and middle-sized 

 white yellowish purple or blue flowers in terminal and axillary often panicled cymes. Calyx 

 deeply 4-cleft or 4-parted, the segments lanceolate or oblong. Corolla campanulate, 4~5-cleft, 

 the lobes convolute in the bud, each with a hollow spur or projection below, which is glandu- 

 lar at the bottom within, or sometimes spurless. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted near the base of 

 the corolla; filaments filiform or subulate; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary i-celled, the 

 placentae more or less intruded; ovules numerous; style very short, sometimes none; stigma 

 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 2-valved. Seeds globose-ovoid to oblong, compressed, 

 smooth. [In honor of Jonas Halen, 1727-1810, a pupil of Linnaeus.] 



About 30 species, natives of mountainous regions of North America, South America and Asia. 

 Besides the following, another occurs in the southwestern United States. Type species : Halenia 

 sibirica Borck. 



i. Halenia deflexa (J. E. Smith) Griseb. Spurred Gentian. Fig. 3365. 



Swertia deflexa J. E. Smith in Rees' Cyclop, no. 8. 1816. 

 Halenia deflexa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 67. pi. 



155- 1834. 



H. Brentoniana Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 68. 1834. 

 H. heterantha Griseb. loc. cit. 1834. 

 Tetragonanthus deflexus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 431. 1891. 



Annual or biennial ; stem simple or branched, slen- 

 der, erect, 6'-2o' high, usually with long internodes. 

 Basal leaves obovate or spatulate, obtuse, narrowed 

 into petioles ; stem-leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute, 

 sessile, 3~5-nerved, i'-2' long, the uppermost much 

 smaller ; calyx-segments lanceolate or spatulate, acute 

 or acuminate ; corolla purplish or white, about 4" 

 high, its lobes ovate, acute, the spurs deflexed or 

 descending, one-fourth to one-half the length of the 

 corolla or none ; capsule narrowly oblong, 6"-j" 

 long, about twice as long as the calyx. 



In moist woods and thickets, Newfoundland and Lab- 

 rador to Massachusetts, New York, Saskatchewan, Mon- 

 tana, Michigan and South Dakota. Races differ in size 

 of the plant and of the flowers and in the development 

 of the corolla-spurs. Recorded from the " Indian Ter- 

 ritory " (Oklahoma), apparently erroneously. July-Aug. 



9. OBOLARIA L. Sp. PI. 632. 1753. 



A low glabrous perennial herb, the stem simple or branched, the lower leaves reduced 

 to opposite scales, the upper foliaceous, subtending the racemose-spicate or thyrsoid white 

 or purplish flowers. Calyx of 2 spatulate sepals. Corolla oblong-campanulate, 4-cleft, the 

 lobes imbricated, at least in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the sinuses of the corolla; fila- 



