SOLANACEAE. 



VOL. III. 



2. Chamaesaracha Coronopus (Dunal) 



A. Gray. Smoothish Chamaesaracha. 



Fig. 3716. 



Solatium Coronopus Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13: P?.rt i, 



64. 1852. 

 C. Coronopus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. i : 540. 1876. 



Branched and diffuse from a perennial base ; 

 stem obtusely angled; pubescence on the stem 

 and leaves more or less roughish pruinose or 

 stellate, often scarcely any; on the calyx stellate 

 or sometimes hirsute. Leaves linear or lanceo- 

 late, tapering at the base, more or less sinuately 

 lobed, occasionally subentire, sometimes pinna- 

 tifid ; calyx-lobes triangular, acute ; corolla white 

 or ochroleucous, the appendages of the throat 

 often protuberant; berry 22 "-4" in diameter, 

 nearly white. 



In clayey soil, Kansas to Utah, California and 

 Mexico. May-Sept. 



6. SOLANUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 184. 



1753- 



Herbs or shrubs, often stellate-pubescent, sometimes climbing. Flowers cymose, umbel- 

 liform, paniculate, or racemose, white, blue, purple, or yellow. Calyx campanulate or rotate, 

 mostly 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, the limb plaited, 5-angled or 5-lobed, the tube 

 very short. Stamens inserted on the throat of the corolla; filaments short; anthers linear or 

 oblong, acute or acuminate, connate or connivent into a cone, the cells dehiscent by a terminal 

 pore, or sometimes by a short introrse terminal slit, or sometimes also longitudinally. Ovary 

 usually 2-celled; stigma small. Berry mostly globose, the calyx either persistent at its base 

 or enclosing it. [Name, according to Wettstein, from solamen, quieting.] 



About jooo species, of wide geographic distribution,' most abundant in tropical America. 

 Besides the following, some 20 others occur in the southern and western United States. Type 

 species : Solanum nigrum L. 



* Glabrous or pubescent herbs, not prickly. 



Plants green ; pubescence simple, or some of it stellate ; flowers white. 

 Leaves repand or entire ; ripe berries black. 

 Leaves deeply pinnatifid ; ripe berries green. 

 Plant silvery stellate-canescent ; flowers violet. 



** Stellate-pubescent and prickly herbs. 

 Berry not enclosed by the calyx ; perennials. 



Hirsute ; leaves ovate or oblong, sinuate or pinnatifid. 

 Densely silvery-canescent ; leaves linear or oblong, repand or entire. 

 Pubescent ; leaves ovate, s-7-lobed. 



Berry partly or wholly invested by the spiny calyx ; annuals. 

 Lowest anther larger than the other four. 



Plant densely stellate-pubescent ; corolla yellow. 

 Plant glandular-pubescent, with few stellate hairs ; corolla violet. 

 Anthers all equal. 



1 . S. nigrum. 



2. S. triflorum. 



4. 6". elaeagnifolium. 



3. S. carolinense. 



4. S. elaeagnifolium. 



5. 5". Torreyi. 



6. S. rostratum. 



7. 5". citrullifolium. 



8. S. sisymbrifolium. 



*** Climbing vine, not prickly; leaves hastate or 3-lobed. 9. 5". Dulcamara. 



i. Solanum nigrum L. Black, Deadly or 

 Garden Nightshade. Morel. Fig. 3717. 



Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. 186. 1753. 



Annual, glabrous, or somewhat pubescent with 

 simple hairs, green; stem erect, branched, i-2j 

 high. Leaves ovate, petioled, more or less inequi- 

 lateral, i '-3' long, entire, undulate, or dentate, thin, 

 acute, acuminate or acutish at the apex, narrowed 

 or rounded at the base ; peduncles lateral, umbel- 

 lately 3-io-flowered, i'-ii' long; pedicels 3"-7" long ; 

 flowers white, 4"-5" broad; calyx-lobes oblong, ob- 

 tuse, spreading, much shorter than the corolla, per- 

 sistent at the base of the berry; filaments somewhat 

 pubescent ; anthers obtuse ; berries black when ripe, 

 smooth and glabrous, globose, 4"-s" in diameter, on 

 nodding peduncles. 



In waste places, commonly in cultivated soil, Nova 

 Scotia to the Northwest Territory, south to Florida and 

 Texas. Widely distributed in nearly all countries as a 

 weed, and includes numerous races, differing principally 

 in leaf-form and pubescence. Petty-morel. Duscle. 

 Hound's-berry. July-Oct. 



