KEY TO GENERA. 



FIGWORT FAMILY. 



'73 



Stamens strongly didynamous, unequal ; calyx-teeth shorter than the tube. 



Anthers awned at the base ; corolla yellow. 28. Dasystoma. 



Anthers awnless ; corolla purple, pink or rarely white. 



Anthers all alike ; flowers pedicelled ; leaves not auricled. 29. Agalinis. 



Anthers of the shorter stamens smaller; leaves auricled at base. 30. Otophylla. 

 g. Stamens 4, all anther-bearing, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. (EUPHRASIEAE.) 

 Ovules several or numerous ; capsule many-seeded. 



Anther-sacs dissimilar, the inner one pendulous by its apex; leaves mostly alternate. 



Upper lip of the corolla much longer than the lower. 31. Castilleja. 



Upper lip of the corolla scarcely longer than the lower. 32. Orthocarpus. 



Anther-sacs similar and parallel ; leaves mostly opposite. 



Calyx 2-bracteolate at the base, oblique, 5-toothed. 33. Schwalbea. 



Calyx not bracteolate, 4-s-toothed, or cleft or split. 



Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed, its margins recurved ; calyx 4-cleft. 34. Euphrasia. 

 Margins of the upper lip of the corolla not recurved. 



Calyx scarcely or not at all inflated in fruit ; galea entire. 

 Calyx 4-toothed or 4-cleft ; capsule straight. 



Seeds spreading, numerous. 35. Bartsia. 



Seeds pendulous, few. 36. Odontites. 



Calyx split on the lower side or on both sides ; capsule oblique. 



Galea short-beaked or beakless. 37.' Pedicularis. 



Galea filiform-beaked. 38. Elephantella. 



Calyx ovoid, much inflated and veiny in fruit. 39. Rhinanthus. 



Ovules only i or 2 in each cell of the ovary ; capsule i-4-seeded ; leaves opposite. 40. Melampyrum. 



i. VERBASCUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 177. 1753. 



Biennial or rarely perennial, mostly tall and erect herbs, with alternate dentate pinnatifid 

 or entire leaves, and rather large yellow purple red or white flowers, in terminal spikes, 

 racemes or panicles. Calyx deeply 5-cleft or 5-parted. Corolla flat- rotate or slightly con- 

 cave, 5-lobed, the lobes a little unequal, the upper exterior, at least in the bud. Stamens 5, 

 inserted on the base of the corolla, unequal, all anther- bearing ; filaments of the 3 upper 

 stamens, or of all 5, pilose; anther-sacs confluent into one. Ovules numerous; style dilated 

 and flattened at the summit. Capsule globose to oblong, septicidally 2-valved, many-seeded, 

 the valves usually 2-cleft at the apex. Seeds rugose, not winged. [The Latin name of the 

 great mullen; used by Pliny.] 



About 125 species, natives of the Old World. Besides the following, another is naturalized in 

 the western United States. Type species : Verbascum Thapsus L. 



Plants densely woolly ; flowers in dense terminal spikes, or spike-like racemes. 



Leaves strongly decurrent on the stem. i. V '. Thapsus. 



Leaves not decurrent, or but slightly so. 2. V . phlomoides. 



Leaves white-tomentose beneath ; flowers in large terminal panicles. 3. V . Lychnitis. 



Plant glabrous or sparingly glandular; flowers racemose. 4. V . Blattaria. 



i. Verbascum Thapsus L. Great Mullen. Velvet or Mullen Dock. Fig. 3735. 



Verbascum Thapsus L. Sp. PI. 177. 1753. 



Erect, stout, simple or with some erect 

 branches, densely woolly all over with 

 branched hairs; stem 2~7 high, wing- 

 angled by the bases of the decurrent leaves. 

 Leaves oblong, thick, acute, narrowed at 

 the base, dentate or denticulate, 4'-i2' long, 

 the basal ones borne on margined petioles ; 

 flowers yellow, 8"-i2" broad, sessile, nu- 

 merous in dense elongated spikes rarely 

 branched above ; stamens unequal, the three 

 upper shorter with white hairy filaments 

 and short anthers, the two lower glabrous 

 or nearly so with larger anthers ; capsule 

 about 3 ' high, slightly longer than the 

 woolly calyx. 



In fields and waste places, Nova Scotia to 

 South Dakota, California, Florida and Kansas. 

 Often a troublesome weed. Naturalized from 

 Europe. Native also of Asia. Among some 40 

 English names are hedge-, hig- or high-taper. 

 Candlewick. Cow's or bullock's-lungwort. 

 Aaron's- or Adam's-rod or -flannel. Feltwort. 

 Hare's-beard. Jacob's-, Jupiter's- or Peter's- 

 staff. Ice-leaf. Torches. Flannel-leaf. Old 

 man's-flannel or blanket-leaf. Woolen, i. e., 

 mullen. Shepherd's-club. Velvet-plant. June- 

 Sept. 



