220 



SCROPHULARIACEAE. 



VOL. III. 



conduplicate, sometimes short-beaked ; lower lip erect or ascending, 3-lobed, the lobes spread- 

 ng or reflexed, the middle one the smallest. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending within the 

 upper lip of the corolla; anthers approximate in pairs, their sacs transverse, equal, parallel, 

 obtuse or rarely mucronate at the base. Capsule compressed, oblique or curved, beaked, 

 many-seeded, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds reticulate, pitted, striate or ribbed. [Latin, per- 

 taining to lice, long supposed to breed lice in sheep that feed on these plants.] 



About 125 species, mostly natives of the northern hemisphere. In addition to the following, 

 some 30 others inhabit the western parts of North America. Mostly known as Lousewort; a few 

 red-flowered species are called Red Rattle. Type species : Pedicularis sylvdtica L. 



Beak of the galea conic, decurved, i" long. i. P. lapponica. 



Beak of the galea very short, or none. 



Annuals or biennials ; stems leafy, freely branching ; northern. 



Puberulent ; upper leaves crenulate, lower pinnatind. 2. P. euphrasioides. 



Glabrous or very nearly so ; leaves all pinnatind. 3. P. palustris. 



Perennials; stems leafy, simple (rarely branched in No. 6). 



Corolla yellow, or the galea red; plants 6'-3 high; eastern species. 



Leaves pinnately lobed ; capsule ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx. 



4. P. lanceolata. 

 Leaves pinnately parted ; capsule lanceolate, 3 times as long as the calyx. 



5. P. canadensis. 

 Lower leaves pinnately divided ; capsule ovate. 6. P. Furbishiae. 



Galea crimson or purple; plant i'-4' high; arctic. 7- P- flammea. 



Perennial; stem scapose, or i-leaved; flowers capitate; arctic. 8. P.capitata. 



i. Pedicularis lapponica L. Lapland Pedicularis. Fig. 3846. 



Pedicularis lapponica L. Sp. PI. 609. 1753. 



Perennial, puberulent; stems simple, or sparingly 

 branched, leafy, 4'-8' high. Leaves sessile, or very 

 short-petioled, alternate or the lowest opposite, lanceo- 

 late or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish at the apex, 

 \'-\\' long, pinnately incised into numerous approxi- 

 mate oblong serrulate lobes; spike short, the flowers 

 almost capitate, light yellow, 6"-f long ; calyx cleft on 

 the lower side, 2-toothed on the upper; galea erect, 

 arched, tipped by an abruptly spreading or recurved 

 conic beak about i" long. 



In open places, Labrador and Greenland to the Arctic 

 Sea. Also in Arctic Europe and Asia. Summer. 



Pedicularis pedicellata Bunge, an Alaskan species is re- 

 corded by Bunge from Labrador. It is distinguished from 

 the above by its scapose stem, deeply pinnatifid leaves and 

 pedicellate lower flowers. We have not seen specimens 

 from the eastern side of the continent. 



2. Pedicularis euphrasioides Steph. Eyebright Pedicularis. Fig. 3847. 



P. euphrasoides Steph.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 204. 1801. 



Biennial or annual, puberulent; stem branched, 

 6'-i5' high, the branches ascending. Lower leaves 

 petioled, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate in outline, 

 2'-4' long, 4"-8" wide, pinnatind into oblong, obtuse, 

 crenate-dentate segments ; upper leaves sessile, linear 

 or linear-oblong, smaller, merely crenulate; flowers 

 in a short terminal spike and solitary in the upper 

 axils; calyx cleft on the lower side, 2-3-toothed on 

 the upper, shorter than the corolla-tube ; corolla yel- 

 low, or the galea purplish, about 6" long; galea as 

 long as the tube, tipped with a very short truncate 

 beak, minutely 2-toothed on the lower side at the 

 apex; capsule apparently shorter than the calyx. 



Labrador to Greenland, the Arctic Sea, Alaska and 

 British Columbia. Also in northern Asia. Summer. 



