GENUS 7. 



MADDER FAMILY. 



259 



3. Galium tricorne Stokes. Rough- fruited Corn 

 Bedstraw. Fig. 3930. 



Galium tricorne Stokes; With. Bot. Arr. Brit. PI. Ed. 2, I: 



153- 1787- 



Rather stout, decumbent or ascending, 6'-i2' high, 

 simple, or little branched. Stem rough with reflexed 

 prickles; leaves in 6's or 8's, linear or narrowly oblan- 

 ceolate, i' long or less, ii"-2" wide, mucronate, rough 

 on the margins and midrib; peduncles axillary, shorter 

 than the leaves ; pedicels thickened and curved down- 

 ward in fruit; cymes axillary, usually 3- (1-3-) flow- 

 ered; fruit tuberculate or granular, not hispid, 4"-5" 

 broad. 



In waste places, Ontario, and in ballast about the eastern 

 seaports. May-Aug. 



4. Galium Aparine L. Cleavers. Goose-grass. 

 Cleaver- wort. Fig. 3931. 



Galium Aparine L. Sp. PI. 108. 1753. 



Annual, weak, scrambling over bushes, 2-5 long, 

 the stems retrorsely hispid on the angles. Leaves in 

 6's or 8's, oblanceolate to linear, cuspidate at the apex, 

 i '-3' long^ 2"-s" wide, the margins and midrib very 

 rough ; flowers in i-3-flowered cymes in the upper axils ; 

 peduncles 5"-i2" long; fruiting pedicels straight; 

 fruit 2"-3" broad, densely covered with short hooked 

 bristles. 



In various situations, New Brunswick to Ontario, South 

 Dakota, Florida and Texas. Bermuda. Apparently in part 

 naturalized from Europe. Widely distributed in temperate 

 regions as a weed. May-Sept. Among some 70 other Eng- 

 lish names are catchweed, beggar-lice, burhead, claver-grass, 

 cling-rascal, scratch-grass, wild hedge-burs, hairif or airif, 

 stick-a-back, or stickle-back, gosling-grass, gosling-weed, 

 turkey-grass, pigtail, grip or grip-grass, loveman, sweet- 

 hearts, scratch-weed, poor robin. 



5. Galium Vaillantii DC. Vaillant's Goose-grass 

 or Cleavers. Fig. 3932. 



Galium Vaillantii*T)C. Fl. France 4: 263. 1805. 



Galium Aparine var. Vaillantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330. 1837. 



Similar to the preceding species but smaller, the stem 

 equally rough-angled. Leaves smaller, i' in length or 

 less, linear-oblong or slightly oblanceolate, cuspidate- 

 pointed, rough on the margins and midrib; cymes 2-9- 

 flowered; fruit \"-\\" broad, usually less hispid. 



In low grounds, Ontario to British Columbia, Missouri, 

 Arizona and to California. Europe. The European G. 

 spurium L., to which this plant was referred in the first 4- 

 edition, appears to have uniformly smooth fruit. 



