GENUS i. 



TEASEL FAMILY. 



289 



shaped, 4-toothed or 4-lobed. Corolla oblique or 2-lipped, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 

 oblique or lateral. Achene free from or adnate to the involucel. [Greek, to thirst, the 

 leaves of some species holding water.] 



About 15 species, natives of the Old World. Type species: Dipsacus fullonum L. 



Scales of the receptacle straight-pointed. i. D. sylvestris. 



Scales of the receptacle hooked at the apex. 2. D. fullonum. 



i. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. Wild, Common or Card Teasel. Fig. 4006. 



Dipsacus fullonum L. Sp. PI. 97. In part. 1753. 

 Dipsasus sylvestris Huds. Fl. Angl. 49. 1762. 



Biennial, stout, with numerous short prickles on 

 the stem, branches, peduncles, midribs of the leaves 

 and involucre, otherwise glabrous or nearly so, 

 3-6 high. Leaves sessile, or the upper ones con- 

 nate-perfoliate, lanceolate or oblong, the upper 

 acuminate and generally entire, the lower obtuse 

 or obtusish, crenate or sometimes pinnatifid at 

 the base, often i long; heads at first ovoid, be- 

 coming cylindric, at length $'-4' long; flowers lilac, 

 4"-6" long; leaves of the involucre linear, curved 

 upward, as long as the head or longer; scales of 

 the receptacle ovate, tipped with a long straight 

 subulate barbed awn, usually exceeding the flowers. 



In waste places, Maine and Ontario to North Caro- 

 lina, west to Michigan. Naturalized from Europe and 

 native also of Asia. July-Sept. Other English names 

 are Venus'-bath or -cup; wood- or church-brooms; 

 shepherds'-staff ; card- or water-thistle ; gipsy-combs ; 

 hutton-weed. Indian's-thistle. Prickly-back. Adam's- 

 flannel. 



2. Dipsacus fullonum L. Fuller's or 



Draper's Teasel. Fuller's Thistle. 



Fig. 4007. 



Dipsacus fullonum L. Sp. PI. 97. 1753. 

 Dipsacus fullonum var. sativus L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1677. 

 1763- 



Similar to the preceding species. Leaves of the 

 involucre, or some of them, shorter than the heads, 

 spreading or at length reflexed ; scales of the 

 receptacle with hooked tips, about equalling the 

 flowers, which are usually paler than in D. syl- 

 vestris. 



About wool mills, Eastern and Middle States, rare. 

 Fugitive from Europe, and perhaps nowhere per- 

 manently established within our range. Other Eng- 

 lish names are clothiers' brush, Venus'-bath or -cup. 

 Generally regarded as probably a cultivated variety 

 of the preceding species, as it is not found wild, ex- 

 cept as an evident escape. 



Dipsacus laciniatus L., with pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ciliate leaves, those of the involucre 

 spreading, has been found at Albany, New York. Fugitive or adventive from Europe. 



2. SCABIOSA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 98. 1753. 



Herbs, with opposite leaves, no prickles, and blue pink or white flowers in pedunc.led 

 involucrate heads. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous, separate, or slightly united at the 

 base. Scales of the pubescent receptacle none. Involucels compressed, the margins often 

 minutely 4-toothed. Calyx-limb 5-io-awned. Limb of the corolla 4~5-cleft, objique or 2-lipped. 

 Stamens 4 (rarely 2). Stigma oblique or lateral. Achene more or less adnate to the invo- 

 lucel, crowned with the persistent calyx. [Latin, scale, from its repute as a remedy for scaly 

 eruptions ] 



About 75 species, natives of the Old World. Type species : Scabiosa arvensis L.- 



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